PJM Interconnection Grid Constraint Dashboard

Zone-level constraint analysis with DER investment recommendations
2025
Analysis Year
201,480
LMP Data Points
21
Zones Analyzed
Transmission: 9 Generation: 1 Both: 1 Unconstrained: 10
Classification Distribution

Interactive Constraint Map

Zone Classifications & Scores

Click a row to expand DER recommendations. Click column headers to sort.

Zone Classification T-Score G-Score Congestion $/MWh Max Congestion Constrained Hrs % Annual Hrs
AECOtransmission0.52470.4650$7.10$121.1759.3%5,197
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($34.18/MWh).

AECO (peak: $34.18/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$1.40$1.90$1.84$2.07$1.74$2.23$4.68$4.73$2.92$2.07$4.20$4.78$4.02$4.01$4.01$3.74$4.92$5.28$4.01$3.49$3.18$3.89$3.85$3.12
Feb$1.50$1.54$1.86$1.95$2.09$2.57$4.87$6.03$3.18$1.19$0.91$0.96$1.07$0.77$0.85$0.70$0.92$1.36$1.77$1.88$1.67$1.37$1.01$1.10
Mar$3.09$3.18$3.28$3.56$3.94$6.52$14.19$19.19$8.83$4.91$4.43$4.24$3.90$3.56$3.34$2.99$3.41$4.75$8.02$12.37$11.78$9.40$6.41$3.77
Apr$3.57$2.66$2.18$2.40$2.90$5.16$9.42$9.94$4.58$3.92$3.95$4.81$5.73$7.10$8.28$9.48$10.78$12.00$15.48$20.94$19.90$13.34$9.20$5.45
May$1.66$1.31$1.03$1.02$1.06$2.32$3.74$3.41$2.27$2.38$2.79$4.30$5.94$8.36$12.05$16.84$17.61$18.07$18.20$20.42$17.33$10.74$6.36$3.14
Jun$3.41$3.11$2.46$2.25$2.23$2.40$2.75$2.31$2.43$3.72$5.68$9.04$11.94$14.58$16.92$18.23$18.89$20.56$19.07$22.14$18.36$13.34$9.40$5.41
Jul$1.24$0.58$0.41$0.29$0.32$0.36$0.43$0.41$0.61$1.28$2.00$4.60$8.53$11.00$12.76$14.95$15.85$15.97$16.99$18.01$15.48$7.39$5.88$2.76
Aug$0.85$0.67$0.62$0.55$0.57$0.62$0.83$0.77$0.81$1.37$1.66$3.09$4.60$5.34$6.50$7.08$7.27$7.34$8.50$12.54$10.05$5.67$3.63$1.66
Sep$4.59$3.91$3.30$3.14$3.59$5.65$9.28$9.99$6.47$5.98$7.00$9.12$11.82$14.93$17.51$18.56$19.95$24.04$30.90$29.15$19.65$13.93$9.99$5.93
Oct$5.56$4.28$3.17$3.03$4.91$9.03$15.92$23.59$12.59$6.67$6.25$8.05$9.18$10.82$11.22$12.62$14.32$22.32$34.18$31.59$18.85$13.32$10.03$6.23
Nov$6.06$5.21$5.00$6.57$8.01$11.09$21.08$22.55$10.66$6.21$5.82$4.81$4.75$4.04$4.54$5.05$8.33$13.43$14.24$13.68$11.47$9.59$7.57$6.47
Dec$2.84$2.64$2.94$3.25$3.91$5.13$9.26$13.05$7.31$4.12$3.06$2.87$2.91$2.49$2.47$2.29$3.71$4.94$5.36$5.21$4.93$4.01$2.97$2.30

Congestion Hotspots (29 pnodes)

Critical: 1 Elevated: 11 Moderate: 8 Low: 9
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
WINSLOW0.8000$7.34$120.8359.6%2.45470critical
GLASSBOR0.7369$7.31$120.7959.5%2.44465elevated
VINELAND0.6958$7.22$124.8659.4%2.40453elevated
PINEHILL0.6776$7.29$121.0159.5%2.43463elevated
LAMB0.6763$7.29$120.6159.5%2.43462elevated
TANSBORO0.6569$7.28$121.0859.5%2.43461elevated
SICKLER0.6261$7.27$121.1259.5%2.43458elevated
ATCO0.6117$7.26$121.1459.5%2.43456elevated
MICKLETO0.5959$7.27$120.0859.4%2.41454elevated
VALERO0.5894$7.27$120.1259.4%2.41452elevated

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

WINSLOW (peak: $34.20/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.060.050.060.050.070.140.140.090.060.120.140.120.120.120.110.140.150.120.100.100.110.110.09
Feb0.040.040.050.060.060.080.140.180.090.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.030.040.050.060.050.040.030.03
Mar0.090.090.100.110.120.190.420.570.260.140.130.130.110.100.100.090.100.140.240.360.350.280.190.11
Apr0.110.080.060.070.090.150.280.290.130.120.120.140.170.210.240.280.320.350.450.620.580.390.270.16
May0.050.040.030.030.030.070.110.100.070.070.080.130.170.250.350.490.520.530.530.600.510.320.190.09
Jun0.100.090.070.070.070.070.080.070.070.110.170.270.370.470.550.630.660.650.660.760.630.450.300.17
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.260.360.430.490.550.570.610.690.580.330.210.09
Aug0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.130.160.190.210.210.210.260.380.300.170.110.05
Sep0.130.110.100.090.100.170.270.290.190.170.200.270.350.440.520.550.590.720.920.860.580.410.290.17
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.470.690.370.190.180.240.270.320.330.370.420.651.000.920.550.390.290.18
Nov0.180.160.150.190.230.320.620.660.310.180.170.140.140.120.130.150.240.390.420.400.340.280.220.19
Dec0.080.080.090.090.110.150.270.380.210.120.090.080.090.070.070.070.110.150.160.150.150.120.090.07
GLASSBOR (peak: $34.19/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.060.050.060.050.070.140.140.090.060.120.140.120.120.120.110.140.150.120.100.100.110.110.09
Feb0.040.050.050.060.060.080.140.180.090.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.030.040.050.060.050.040.030.03
Mar0.090.090.100.110.120.190.420.570.260.150.130.130.120.110.100.090.100.140.240.370.350.280.190.11
Apr0.110.080.060.070.090.150.280.290.140.120.120.140.170.210.240.280.320.350.460.620.590.390.270.16
May0.050.040.030.030.030.070.110.100.070.070.080.130.170.250.350.490.520.530.530.600.510.320.190.09
Jun0.100.090.070.070.070.070.080.070.070.110.170.270.370.470.550.620.650.650.650.750.630.450.300.17
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.260.360.430.480.540.560.600.670.550.300.190.08
Aug0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.130.160.190.210.210.210.260.380.300.170.110.05
Sep0.130.110.100.090.100.170.270.290.190.170.200.270.350.440.520.550.590.720.920.860.580.410.290.17
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.470.690.370.190.180.240.270.320.330.370.420.651.000.920.550.390.290.18
Nov0.180.160.150.190.230.320.620.660.310.180.170.140.140.120.130.150.240.390.420.400.340.280.220.19
Dec0.080.080.090.090.110.150.270.380.210.120.090.080.090.070.070.070.110.150.160.150.150.120.090.07
VINELAND (peak: $34.00/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.060.050.060.050.070.140.140.090.060.120.140.120.120.120.110.150.160.130.110.090.120.110.09
Feb0.040.040.050.060.060.080.140.180.090.040.030.030.030.020.030.020.030.050.060.060.050.040.030.03
Mar0.090.100.100.110.120.190.420.570.270.150.130.130.120.110.100.090.100.140.240.370.360.280.190.11
Apr0.110.080.060.070.090.150.280.290.140.120.120.140.170.210.240.280.320.360.460.620.590.400.270.16
May0.050.040.030.030.030.070.110.100.070.070.080.130.170.250.350.490.510.520.530.590.500.310.180.09
Jun0.100.090.070.070.070.070.080.070.070.110.170.260.360.460.550.670.730.780.770.710.570.420.290.15
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.130.250.300.330.410.480.600.580.500.390.250.180.10
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.140.160.190.220.240.250.260.350.290.170.110.05
Sep0.130.120.100.090.110.170.270.290.190.180.210.270.340.430.510.520.550.680.870.820.550.400.290.17
Oct0.160.130.090.090.140.270.470.700.370.200.180.240.270.320.330.370.420.651.000.930.550.390.300.18
Nov0.180.160.150.190.240.330.620.670.320.180.170.140.140.120.130.150.250.400.420.400.340.280.220.19
Dec0.080.080.090.100.120.150.270.390.220.120.090.080.090.070.070.070.110.150.150.150.150.120.090.07
PINEHILL (peak: $34.22/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.060.050.060.050.070.140.140.090.060.120.140.120.120.120.110.140.150.120.100.090.110.110.09
Feb0.040.050.050.060.060.080.140.180.090.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.030.040.050.060.050.040.030.03
Mar0.090.090.100.100.120.190.420.560.260.140.130.120.110.100.100.090.100.140.240.360.350.280.190.11
Apr0.100.080.060.070.090.150.280.290.130.120.120.140.170.210.240.280.320.350.450.610.580.390.270.16
May0.050.040.030.030.030.070.110.100.070.070.080.130.170.240.350.490.520.530.530.600.510.320.190.09
Jun0.100.090.070.070.070.070.080.070.070.110.170.270.360.460.540.610.640.630.640.740.610.440.290.16
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.260.350.420.470.530.550.590.660.550.300.200.08
Aug0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.130.160.190.210.210.210.260.380.300.170.110.05
Sep0.130.110.100.090.100.170.270.290.190.170.200.270.350.440.520.550.590.720.920.860.580.410.290.17
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.470.690.370.190.180.240.270.320.330.370.420.651.000.920.550.390.290.18
Nov0.180.160.150.190.230.320.620.660.310.180.170.140.140.120.130.150.240.390.420.400.340.280.220.19
Dec0.080.080.090.090.110.150.270.380.210.120.090.080.090.070.070.070.110.150.160.150.150.120.090.07
LAMB (peak: $34.16/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.060.050.060.050.070.140.140.090.060.120.140.120.120.120.110.140.150.120.100.100.110.110.09
Feb0.050.050.060.060.060.080.140.180.090.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.030.040.050.060.050.040.030.03
Mar0.090.090.100.110.120.190.420.570.260.150.130.130.120.110.100.090.100.140.240.370.350.280.190.11
Apr0.110.080.060.070.090.150.280.290.140.120.120.140.170.210.240.280.320.350.460.620.590.390.270.16
May0.050.040.030.030.030.070.110.100.070.070.080.130.170.250.350.490.520.530.530.600.510.320.190.09
Jun0.100.090.070.070.070.070.080.070.070.110.170.270.370.460.540.610.640.640.640.740.620.440.290.17
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.260.350.420.480.530.540.580.630.540.290.190.09
Aug0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.140.160.190.210.210.210.260.380.300.170.110.05
Sep0.130.110.100.090.100.170.270.290.190.170.200.270.350.440.520.550.590.720.920.860.580.410.290.17
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.470.690.370.190.180.240.270.320.330.370.420.651.000.920.550.390.290.18
Nov0.180.160.150.190.230.330.620.660.310.180.170.140.140.120.130.150.240.390.420.400.340.280.220.19
Dec0.080.080.090.090.110.150.270.380.210.120.090.080.090.070.070.070.110.150.160.150.140.120.090.07
AEPunconstrained0.36270.4254$3.17$125.9637.9%3,320
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($22.94/MWh).

AEP (peak: $22.94/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$2.50$2.64$2.90$3.18$3.07$3.42$4.41$6.39$3.35$2.68$2.81$3.11$2.97$3.05$2.89$3.13$3.91$5.48$4.48$4.21$4.15$4.03$3.57$3.35
Feb$1.29$1.25$1.26$1.28$1.42$1.61$2.02$2.23$1.53$1.41$1.28$1.18$1.24$1.37$1.28$1.18$1.47$1.84$1.95$1.88$1.58$1.57$1.48$1.35
Mar$2.21$2.24$2.37$2.48$2.74$3.29$4.28$4.37$1.75$1.50$1.44$1.38$1.19$1.11$1.26$1.58$1.73$2.38$2.95$3.42$3.15$2.68$2.25$2.01
Apr$3.39$3.25$3.24$3.41$3.58$4.32$5.47$4.93$2.76$2.33$2.17$2.32$2.41$2.69$2.75$2.80$2.87$3.39$4.15$5.06$4.99$3.86$3.48$3.21
May$0.38$0.32$0.34$0.36$0.40$0.61$0.81$0.69$0.59$0.91$1.37$2.26$3.58$5.39$7.88$11.38$10.22$10.23$7.88$5.17$3.86$1.87$1.06$0.56
Jun$1.02$0.91$0.76$0.69$0.73$0.91$1.02$0.84$0.82$1.72$2.26$2.98$4.27$5.56$6.26$7.98$8.47$8.56$6.53$5.89$4.86$3.43$2.73$1.36
Jul$0.39$0.29$0.27$0.26$0.30$0.33$0.38$0.30$0.36$0.81$1.93$5.26$8.77$13.41$16.76$21.24$22.54$22.94$15.83$10.98$5.66$2.50$1.77$0.69
Aug$0.42$0.40$0.33$0.31$0.32$0.39$0.48$0.43$0.41$0.64$0.77$1.22$1.90$2.58$3.40$4.10$4.86$5.18$4.37$3.55$2.66$1.72$1.09$0.66
Sep$1.15$1.00$0.92$0.91$1.02$1.65$2.34$2.17$1.19$0.95$1.14$1.46$1.80$2.85$4.96$5.59$6.67$7.04$6.63$5.04$3.24$2.40$1.81$1.20
Oct$2.03$1.90$1.91$2.03$2.20$3.22$4.11$4.97$2.83$1.85$2.00$3.59$3.12$3.49$3.66$3.95$4.00$4.29$4.56$3.31$2.34$2.38$2.41$1.89
Nov$1.69$1.49$1.59$1.77$1.79$2.28$4.72$4.05$1.83$1.50$1.45$1.34$1.42$1.32$1.40$1.65$2.10$2.62$2.78$2.70$2.45$2.24$1.87$2.10
Dec$3.28$3.38$3.27$3.33$3.77$4.59$7.23$8.75$4.27$3.03$2.78$3.04$3.29$3.39$3.51$3.86$5.48$6.51$5.55$5.41$5.31$4.86$3.80$3.26
APSunconstrained0.33930.4101$2.98$106.3938.1%3,340
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($14.20/MWh).

APS (peak: $14.20/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$1.25$1.41$1.59$1.61$1.56$1.97$2.98$3.96$2.89$1.52$2.31$2.98$2.82$3.08$2.93$2.91$3.04$3.21$2.57$2.22$2.20$2.08$2.05$1.72
Feb$0.58$0.61$0.72$0.66$0.60$0.85$1.37$1.54$0.85$0.55$0.60$0.58$0.76$0.82$0.90$0.91$0.80$0.92$0.81$0.63$0.59$0.67$0.63$0.58
Mar$2.36$2.27$2.26$2.47$2.71$3.74$7.16$8.26$3.94$3.11$3.01$2.98$2.79$2.67$2.67$2.68$2.74$3.13$3.83$4.88$4.21$3.39$2.67$2.14
Apr$3.44$3.15$3.01$3.19$3.33$4.28$5.65$4.72$2.78$2.53$2.41$2.86$2.87$3.23$3.79$4.36$4.58$4.57$4.77$4.96$4.62$3.92$3.75$3.41
May$1.54$0.96$0.62$0.56$0.56$0.83$1.18$1.01$0.74$1.01$1.46$2.92$4.34$6.25$9.45$13.85$12.92$13.19$11.84$10.56$7.32$4.12$2.84$2.27
Jun$0.74$0.83$0.69$0.63$0.62$0.72$0.71$1.01$1.22$2.03$2.53$3.50$4.61$6.91$7.81$9.73$10.37$10.34$7.86$6.29$4.33$2.99$2.23$1.25
Jul$0.39$0.33$0.29$0.26$0.27$0.30$0.31$0.34$0.37$0.84$1.28$2.76$4.76$7.58$9.57$12.70$13.98$14.20$9.87$6.29$3.88$1.91$1.28$0.47
Aug$0.44$0.39$0.30$0.27$0.29$0.32$0.30$0.38$0.32$0.41$0.41$0.86$1.21$1.65$1.79$2.09$2.07$2.09$1.81$1.30$1.16$0.86$0.48$0.35
Sep$0.99$0.83$0.70$0.68$0.86$1.47$2.03$1.84$0.99$0.93$1.20$1.58$2.04$2.79$4.97$4.95$5.96$5.83$6.30$4.18$2.93$2.47$1.96$1.30
Oct$1.54$1.36$1.41$1.50$1.99$2.98$3.89$4.64$2.41$1.79$2.57$4.60$4.34$4.82$5.09$5.27$5.05$4.40$4.20$3.13$2.01$2.07$2.17$1.68
Nov$2.17$2.06$2.03$2.24$2.54$3.19$5.72$5.63$2.68$1.99$1.91$1.77$1.65$1.44$1.61$1.80$2.47$3.35$3.20$3.35$3.32$2.93$2.19$2.03
Dec$2.52$2.79$2.80$2.95$4.00$5.79$9.04$7.68$4.73$2.81$2.20$1.91$1.82$1.41$1.33$2.38$4.46$4.99$4.54$4.74$4.34$3.71$3.68$3.05
ATSIunconstrained0.38190.4000$3.54$109.4634.2%2,993
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($22.41/MWh).

ATSI (peak: $22.41/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$4.31$5.01$5.24$6.13$6.74$7.46$9.18$12.95$6.69$4.19$6.54$5.90$5.98$5.25$4.66$5.88$7.23$9.12$9.03$8.73$8.63$8.38$8.28$6.17
Feb$1.26$1.26$1.27$1.25$1.44$1.63$1.94$1.84$1.36$1.16$1.21$1.32$1.56$1.65$1.66$1.62$1.73$1.92$1.72$1.54$1.63$1.71$1.61$1.40
Mar$1.89$1.91$2.01$2.09$2.20$2.52$3.01$3.06$1.53$1.30$1.32$1.33$1.36$1.42$1.55$1.78$2.11$2.33$2.52$2.75$2.40$2.04$1.96$1.78
Apr$2.72$2.57$2.58$2.79$2.96$3.70$4.95$4.76$2.46$1.86$1.72$2.05$2.46$2.64$2.75$2.99$3.28$3.14$3.23$3.95$3.19$2.47$2.57$2.50
May$0.58$0.34$0.33$0.32$0.35$0.48$0.59$0.51$0.34$0.57$1.09$2.01$3.36$5.72$8.43$12.33$11.69$11.95$10.33$8.15$5.44$2.23$1.37$0.85
Jun$1.12$1.03$0.91$0.84$0.85$1.04$1.10$1.07$1.00$1.77$1.93$2.99$4.48$6.73$7.32$9.51$10.33$10.07$7.56$5.96$3.86$3.45$2.54$1.38
Jul$0.60$0.53$0.47$0.45$0.49$0.57$0.63$0.56$0.37$0.61$1.54$4.76$8.15$12.74$16.46$20.85$21.93$22.41$16.05$11.15$5.22$2.45$1.76$0.69
Aug$0.72$0.66$0.55$0.51$0.52$0.63$0.72$0.63$0.51$0.67$0.71$0.96$2.05$2.05$2.72$3.41$3.15$4.14$3.46$2.74$2.07$1.46$0.95$0.83
Sep$0.54$0.56$0.59$0.59$0.64$0.89$1.04$0.89$0.67$0.52$0.64$1.01$1.64$2.54$4.35$4.87$5.57$5.66$4.25$2.13$1.21$0.83$0.74$0.56
Oct$1.36$1.28$1.35$1.39$1.69$2.48$3.69$4.23$2.45$2.18$2.58$4.23$3.70$4.30$4.61$4.93$5.13$5.86$5.19$3.43$2.19$1.76$1.79$1.90
Nov$2.32$2.15$2.28$2.33$2.40$3.09$7.01$5.99$1.51$1.28$1.28$1.23$1.41$1.36$1.43$1.64$2.37$3.66$3.18$3.18$3.07$2.87$2.60$2.54
Dec$4.23$4.09$4.23$4.47$5.30$6.41$10.43$13.23$6.58$4.40$3.91$4.04$3.94$4.11$4.11$4.49$6.77$8.77$8.06$7.72$7.82$7.32$5.48$4.21
BGEunconstrained0.48250.4900$8.80$232.9264.0%5,611
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($36.10/MWh).

BGE (peak: $36.10/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$6.17$6.66$7.07$7.60$8.29$10.39$15.80$22.44$10.45$5.67$5.32$6.32$6.50$6.35$6.34$6.82$6.83$10.82$8.81$7.93$8.04$8.29$7.38$5.43
Feb$1.80$1.96$2.04$2.24$2.51$4.04$7.08$8.24$3.94$1.46$1.42$1.39$1.45$1.41$1.42$1.37$1.34$1.46$1.79$1.84$1.88$2.20$1.78$1.41
Mar$5.37$5.40$5.44$6.10$6.83$10.27$21.01$26.20$12.68$8.87$8.18$8.23$7.78$7.28$6.78$6.10$6.13$7.54$10.45$14.79$13.35$10.86$7.90$5.57
Apr$7.04$6.26$5.46$5.90$6.54$9.44$14.08$13.37$7.34$6.57$5.94$6.42$6.16$6.25$6.45$6.93$8.08$9.26$12.66$16.91$17.55$13.78$11.40$8.41
May$1.30$1.09$0.94$0.94$1.03$1.81$3.14$2.61$2.16$2.26$2.57$3.99$5.00$5.95$7.19$11.37$10.54$11.66$9.93$11.53$10.51$5.93$3.53$2.05
Jun$2.72$2.21$1.69$1.51$1.51$1.77$2.16$1.92$2.11$3.76$5.22$7.06$9.32$14.82$20.52$29.59$30.76$32.14$22.90$19.58$14.47$10.96$7.11$4.81
Jul$1.50$0.76$0.55$0.43$0.49$0.55$0.67$0.64$0.75$1.42$3.38$9.84$16.06$23.04$29.17$34.57$35.33$36.10$26.55$24.16$16.88$9.55$7.15$3.52
Aug$0.81$0.58$0.48$0.44$0.46$0.54$0.68$0.75$0.72$1.40$2.19$4.69$7.45$8.86$12.87$13.00$10.90$10.17$8.78$9.42$6.82$4.36$2.82$1.24
Sep$5.54$4.56$3.66$3.51$4.34$7.58$11.46$11.85$7.04$5.72$6.34$7.65$9.74$11.22$14.23$15.12$16.18$20.07$28.40$27.57$19.54$15.62$11.81$6.98
Oct$7.11$5.65$4.64$4.78$7.56$12.81$19.38$28.18$12.77$4.88$3.39$5.12$5.37$6.08$6.00$6.15$7.05$15.62$30.38$29.69$17.40$14.42$13.20$8.27
Nov$9.23$7.96$8.11$9.68$12.69$17.14$35.74$34.57$12.56$7.03$6.74$5.81$5.44$4.49$5.06$5.76$9.63$17.58$19.15$18.56$16.52$14.72$11.43$10.26
Dec$6.40$6.90$6.82$7.50$9.23$11.44$17.80$25.65$10.63$5.56$3.69$3.25$3.31$3.33$3.26$4.27$7.31$8.75$9.77$9.89$10.52$9.88$7.56$5.50
COMEDboth0.52500.6000$9.02$170.6664.6%5,659
Zones with both transmission and generation constraints benefit from a diversified DER portfolio. Dispatchable resources handle acute congestion events while consistent resources address the structural supply deficit.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Addresses acute congestion and generation shortfalls
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces chronic load, easing both transmission and generation stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local supply during daylight hours

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($31.62/MWh).

COMED (peak: $31.62/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$16.99$19.07$20.18$21.23$21.19$23.77$30.63$31.62$17.82$12.81$12.42$12.28$12.04$11.98$12.81$13.69$14.82$17.16$13.74$13.26$14.29$14.14$13.94$14.82
Feb$6.00$6.23$6.63$7.40$7.64$8.05$9.04$7.66$4.70$3.82$3.56$3.47$3.86$4.06$4.55$4.77$5.35$5.50$4.88$4.38$4.90$4.95$5.51$5.93
Mar$12.19$11.98$12.30$13.02$14.45$17.13$23.03$19.64$9.24$8.71$8.79$9.27$9.37$9.60$10.05$10.64$11.17$11.55$11.17$11.19$8.93$8.23$8.41$9.06
Apr$18.13$17.63$18.31$19.44$20.12$22.38$25.52$18.21$12.28$12.48$12.44$13.75$14.75$16.03$16.48$17.75$19.25$20.40$20.65$20.89$18.22$13.45$13.33$14.99
May$1.76$1.44$1.46$1.60$1.90$2.15$2.28$1.63$1.14$1.50$2.06$3.25$4.57$6.77$9.58$13.72$13.42$13.44$11.00$7.88$5.36$2.37$1.65$1.40
Jun$2.07$1.78$1.45$1.37$1.62$2.37$2.38$2.13$1.94$2.92$3.40$4.24$6.07$8.69$9.57$12.05$13.75$14.13$11.28$8.15$5.98$4.69$3.31$2.28
Jul$0.91$0.75$0.78$0.90$1.08$1.25$1.27$0.97$0.71$1.04$2.06$5.67$9.34$14.43$18.20$22.47$23.60$24.01$18.32$14.92$10.23$5.56$2.93$1.33
Aug$0.81$0.71$0.62$0.54$0.59$0.67$0.86$0.80$0.63$0.90$1.12$1.68$2.78$4.09$5.49$6.51$6.77$7.90$7.70$7.38$5.66$3.05$1.63$0.82
Sep$1.50$1.50$1.51$1.59$1.93$3.27$3.87$2.28$1.39$1.16$1.54$2.01$2.83$4.05$6.16$6.96$8.10$8.73$7.62$5.18$2.99$1.98$1.63$1.33
Oct$9.28$9.59$9.95$10.86$13.21$18.23$23.10$22.17$11.24$7.34$7.07$8.77$8.55$9.85$10.23$11.14$13.47$17.53$16.77$13.06$9.41$8.19$8.26$8.48
Nov$9.79$9.74$10.28$10.79$12.07$14.27$18.79$15.05$6.30$5.38$4.79$4.71$4.90$5.34$5.76$6.58$8.63$9.95$8.55$8.64$9.02$8.68$8.44$8.46
Dec$12.60$13.27$14.00$14.99$17.40$18.81$21.89$21.32$11.90$8.43$5.61$5.73$5.89$5.68$5.91$6.60$10.71$11.34$10.61$11.21$11.70$11.05$10.36$10.00

Congestion Hotspots (92 pnodes)

Critical: 2 Elevated: 11 Moderate: 79 Low: 0
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
J3750.8595$15.81$678.7766.6%2.04737critical
958_HOGR0.7896$14.64$515.5762.6%2.25583critical
72 GOOSE0.6693$12.93$382.5266.6%1.61645elevated
961 LEE0.6590$16.09$231.4669.9%1.191267elevated
979 MEND0.5975$14.65$199.0669.8%1.18980elevated
H4450.5957$14.62$201.7169.8%1.18966elevated
139 MEND0.5938$14.55$199.0669.8%1.18962elevated
100 SHAD0.5938$14.55$199.0669.8%1.18962elevated
18 WILL0.5631$11.04$660.6865.2%1.29526elevated
981 CRES0.5233$12.40$318.1767.4%1.19605elevated

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

J375 (peak: $171.71/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.100.110.110.120.120.140.180.180.100.070.070.070.070.070.070.080.090.100.080.080.080.080.080.08
Feb0.030.030.040.040.040.050.050.040.030.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.020.030.030.030.03
Mar0.070.070.070.070.080.100.130.110.050.050.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.060.060.050.050.050.05
Apr0.110.110.110.120.120.130.150.110.070.070.070.080.090.090.100.100.110.120.120.120.110.080.080.09
May0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.040.060.080.080.080.060.050.030.010.010.01
Jun0.020.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.030.040.070.160.210.290.330.390.410.410.410.290.130.060.03
Jul0.030.010.000.000.010.010.010.010.010.060.110.210.340.450.550.740.870.981.000.880.680.360.130.06
Aug0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.030.060.110.160.200.260.300.310.290.230.150.030.010.01
Sep0.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.040.060.080.090.050.030.020.010.010.01
Oct0.060.060.060.060.080.110.140.130.070.050.050.060.060.070.080.080.100.120.110.090.060.050.050.05
Nov0.060.060.060.070.070.090.110.090.040.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.060.060.050.060.060.050.050.05
Dec0.080.080.080.090.100.110.130.130.070.060.040.040.040.040.040.040.070.080.070.070.080.070.070.06
958_HOGR (peak: $133.79/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Feb0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Mar0.080.080.080.090.100.130.160.150.080.080.080.080.080.080.090.090.090.090.090.080.060.050.050.06
Apr0.140.140.140.150.160.170.200.140.090.100.100.110.110.120.120.130.150.160.160.160.140.110.110.12
May0.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.010.010.010.020.020.030.050.070.100.100.100.080.060.040.020.010.01
Jun0.020.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.030.050.080.160.220.280.320.390.400.400.400.290.130.060.03
Jul0.030.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.050.110.210.330.450.550.730.870.981.000.880.690.370.140.07
Aug0.010.010.010.000.000.000.010.010.000.010.030.070.110.170.210.270.300.310.300.240.160.030.010.01
Sep0.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.020.010.010.010.020.020.030.050.070.090.100.060.040.020.010.010.01
Oct0.070.070.070.080.090.130.170.160.080.060.050.070.070.090.090.100.110.140.120.100.070.060.060.06
Nov0.070.080.080.080.090.110.140.110.050.040.040.040.040.040.040.050.070.080.070.070.070.070.070.07
Dec0.090.100.100.110.130.140.160.170.090.070.050.050.050.050.050.060.090.090.090.090.090.090.080.08
72 GOOSE (peak: $101.12/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.170.190.200.210.210.230.300.310.180.130.120.120.120.120.130.130.150.170.140.130.140.140.140.14
Feb0.060.060.060.070.070.080.090.080.050.040.030.030.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.040.050.050.050.06
Mar0.120.110.120.120.140.160.220.190.090.080.080.090.090.090.100.100.110.110.110.110.090.080.080.09
Apr0.180.180.180.190.200.220.250.180.120.120.120.140.150.160.160.180.190.200.210.210.180.140.140.15
May0.020.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.020.030.050.070.100.140.130.130.110.080.050.020.020.01
Jun0.030.020.010.010.020.020.020.020.030.040.060.090.170.220.280.320.380.400.400.410.290.140.070.04
Jul0.030.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.050.110.200.340.460.570.730.870.971.000.890.710.380.140.07
Aug0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.050.120.190.270.330.340.400.420.370.370.250.050.020.01
Sep0.010.010.010.010.020.030.040.020.010.010.020.020.030.040.070.100.120.130.080.060.030.020.020.01
Oct0.090.100.100.110.130.180.230.220.110.080.080.090.100.110.120.130.150.190.180.140.100.080.080.09
Nov0.100.100.110.110.120.140.190.150.070.060.050.050.050.060.060.070.090.100.090.090.090.090.090.09
Dec0.130.130.140.150.170.190.220.220.120.090.060.060.070.060.060.070.110.120.110.120.120.110.110.10
961 LEE (peak: $47.53/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.510.500.510.540.510.580.750.880.560.440.380.380.370.380.380.390.420.520.470.400.410.410.400.40
Feb0.250.240.240.260.280.310.390.330.250.210.220.190.200.210.230.250.270.300.340.330.300.300.310.29
Mar0.380.360.360.370.400.450.540.470.280.270.260.300.280.290.300.290.310.320.360.410.370.350.340.32
Apr0.400.390.400.420.430.480.550.420.300.300.300.310.320.350.370.400.430.450.460.480.420.320.310.34
May0.050.040.040.040.040.050.060.040.040.050.070.110.150.200.260.360.380.390.310.240.160.100.070.05
Jun0.120.080.060.060.070.090.060.060.060.130.170.210.290.410.520.610.680.670.570.520.420.290.200.16
Jul0.120.110.090.100.100.120.120.090.070.070.110.240.360.500.610.770.870.940.670.580.370.230.160.13
Aug0.070.060.050.040.030.050.060.050.040.040.050.070.100.140.160.180.200.240.180.160.120.100.080.06
Sep0.110.090.080.090.080.100.110.110.080.080.080.090.120.160.180.210.260.280.270.230.190.140.140.09
Oct0.420.400.370.370.430.510.690.820.530.390.360.400.420.480.500.530.610.760.860.720.520.450.480.43
Nov0.460.450.420.430.460.530.670.630.390.360.350.330.320.340.360.380.440.520.510.500.500.480.450.40
Dec0.650.600.570.600.610.620.791.000.650.550.520.460.420.390.390.440.600.780.800.810.840.830.760.69
979 MEND (peak: $41.67/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.500.510.530.560.550.620.810.910.560.440.390.390.390.380.400.400.430.490.470.420.430.420.410.41
Feb0.250.240.250.270.290.310.400.340.250.220.220.200.200.210.220.240.260.300.340.320.300.290.300.28
Mar0.400.390.390.390.420.470.590.520.300.290.290.310.300.310.320.330.340.350.380.450.390.360.340.34
Apr0.440.420.430.460.480.530.600.440.320.320.350.370.390.420.440.470.510.520.540.580.510.390.360.38
May0.060.040.050.050.050.060.060.060.050.060.080.120.170.220.290.400.410.420.330.260.170.110.070.06
Jun0.120.090.070.060.070.100.080.070.070.140.170.220.310.440.540.640.710.710.600.520.410.280.190.15
Jul0.110.100.090.100.100.110.110.090.060.070.110.250.380.530.660.830.931.000.720.600.360.220.150.12
Aug0.070.060.050.040.030.050.060.050.030.040.050.070.100.140.170.190.220.250.190.170.130.100.080.06
Sep0.110.090.080.090.080.110.120.110.080.080.080.090.120.170.200.230.280.300.290.230.190.140.130.09
Oct0.420.400.380.380.440.540.730.840.530.390.360.410.430.490.510.550.630.790.870.720.520.450.470.43
Nov0.470.470.440.450.470.550.700.640.410.380.370.350.340.360.380.410.440.520.500.490.550.500.460.43
Dec0.650.610.580.610.630.650.821.000.640.530.500.440.410.390.390.430.600.750.770.780.810.800.730.67
DAYunconstrained0.36960.4294$3.44$125.1236.5%3,202
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($23.14/MWh).

DAY (peak: $23.14/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$4.56$5.37$5.73$5.85$7.49$8.39$9.42$11.80$6.11$3.89$3.87$3.98$3.83$3.35$3.25$3.67$5.04$6.80$6.21$6.06$6.33$6.06$5.56$4.60
Feb$0.77$0.84$0.92$1.00$1.04$1.30$1.42$1.32$0.88$0.79$0.63$0.68$0.85$0.93$0.99$0.90$1.10$1.15$0.90$0.83$0.90$1.02$1.01$0.95
Mar$1.93$2.02$2.12$2.22$2.43$2.80$3.29$3.38$1.21$1.41$1.37$1.21$1.08$1.00$0.96$1.17$1.21$1.68$2.18$2.72$2.59$2.35$2.07$1.83
Apr$3.20$3.04$2.99$3.17$3.32$3.93$5.42$4.67$2.44$2.08$1.92$2.09$2.26$2.49$2.49$2.65$2.89$3.55$3.98$4.92$4.91$3.81$3.52$3.25
May$0.42$0.34$0.35$0.37$0.43$0.63$0.86$0.74$0.61$0.93$1.46$2.30$3.47$5.24$7.71$11.30$10.58$10.31$8.16$5.85$4.51$2.11$1.15$0.64
Jun$0.72$0.77$0.58$0.52$0.55$0.70$0.78$0.87$0.91$1.98$2.82$4.17$6.14$7.34$8.44$11.07$11.61$11.67$8.62$6.54$5.08$3.82$2.71$1.01
Jul$0.33$0.22$0.17$0.17$0.20$0.22$0.23$0.32$0.41$0.87$1.94$5.35$8.90$13.71$17.17$21.84$23.07$23.14$16.14$10.79$5.36$2.42$1.55$0.53
Aug$0.57$0.51$0.44$0.41$0.42$0.49$0.55$0.55$0.51$0.78$0.93$1.32$2.06$2.79$4.00$4.76$5.41$5.64$4.96$3.75$3.61$2.01$1.12$0.57
Sep$0.79$0.71$0.66$0.65$0.77$1.31$1.70$1.56$0.86$0.75$0.95$1.36$1.84$2.83$5.20$5.63$6.83$7.01$6.73$4.86$2.91$2.01$1.49$0.89
Oct$1.57$1.48$1.45$1.50$1.96$2.78$3.46$3.96$2.35$1.77$2.10$3.73$3.15$3.57$3.73$4.06$4.09$4.60$4.20$2.95$2.00$2.04$2.10$1.76
Nov$2.07$1.92$2.04$2.22$2.27$2.66$4.89$4.43$2.25$1.91$1.78$1.71$1.65$1.62$1.70$2.11$2.65$3.22$3.75$3.58$3.28$2.87$2.48$2.31
Dec$4.21$4.35$4.33$4.52$5.04$5.79$8.31$10.05$5.21$3.81$3.23$3.57$3.97$4.09$4.18$4.51$6.51$7.40$6.56$6.60$6.55$6.06$4.91$4.05
DEOKunconstrained0.36780.4569$3.50$127.1637.1%3,251
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($23.38/MWh).

DEOK (peak: $23.38/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$4.64$5.48$5.96$6.08$7.45$8.15$9.41$11.40$5.48$3.81$3.16$3.88$3.71$3.80$3.65$3.91$4.09$6.15$5.17$5.00$5.86$5.92$5.05$4.75
Feb$0.79$0.85$0.97$1.07$1.07$1.25$1.42$1.34$0.95$0.82$0.67$0.68$0.85$0.91$0.97$0.85$1.04$1.03$0.76$0.75$0.80$0.97$0.93$0.91
Mar$1.95$2.03$2.14$2.24$2.51$2.86$3.54$3.93$1.43$1.44$1.45$1.38$1.25$1.13$1.09$1.17$1.38$1.69$2.39$2.97$2.78$2.46$2.12$1.84
Apr$3.59$3.43$3.37$3.57$3.74$4.39$6.44$5.77$2.75$2.40$2.21$2.41$2.45$2.76$2.81$2.96$3.28$4.22$5.00$6.15$6.32$4.67$4.13$3.82
May$0.44$0.39$0.37$0.41$0.48$0.68$0.94$0.84$0.68$1.01$1.54$2.41$3.72$5.44$7.97$11.72$10.45$10.25$7.56$5.02$3.63$1.76$1.14$0.69
Jun$0.71$0.77$0.58$0.52$0.55$0.69$0.77$0.85$0.98$2.07$2.74$3.62$5.51$7.36$8.27$10.57$10.94$10.77$7.28$5.39$3.86$2.93$2.42$1.09
Jul$0.34$0.23$0.18$0.17$0.19$0.22$0.23$0.31$0.41$0.89$1.98$5.27$8.81$13.44$16.90$21.42$22.86$23.38$16.07$11.15$5.31$2.20$1.48$0.61
Aug$0.50$0.46$0.40$0.39$0.40$0.45$0.52$0.52$0.51$0.78$0.94$1.29$1.91$2.65$3.58$4.33$4.97$5.49$4.47$3.58$3.07$1.91$1.06$0.58
Sep$0.88$0.77$0.71$0.70$0.81$1.38$1.80$1.71$0.94$0.82$1.03$1.43$1.90$2.82$4.75$5.21$6.23$6.66$6.18$4.58$2.98$2.12$1.59$0.95
Oct$1.50$1.39$1.32$1.36$1.80$2.64$3.26$3.89$2.33$1.74$2.09$3.77$3.22$3.67$3.82$4.15$4.11$4.66$4.33$3.13$2.09$1.98$2.01$1.59
Nov$3.01$2.92$2.85$3.11$3.24$3.80$5.55$5.39$3.85$3.51$3.35$3.10$2.94$2.87$3.22$3.68$4.48$5.24$5.41$5.10$4.36$3.71$2.96$2.68
Dec$4.05$4.17$4.16$4.36$4.83$5.48$7.77$9.31$5.03$3.66$3.16$3.40$3.81$3.90$4.13$4.42$6.30$7.08$6.19$6.25$6.17$5.69$4.64$3.93
DOMtransmission0.74170.4403$11.76$348.8065.1%5,702
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($56.56/MWh).

DOM (peak: $56.56/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$9.64$10.78$11.27$11.77$12.31$13.79$18.70$25.77$12.16$7.37$5.01$4.64$5.03$4.49$4.62$5.41$6.55$11.20$10.82$10.65$12.11$11.36$10.06$8.14
Feb$2.03$2.28$2.64$2.83$2.69$3.16$4.70$5.13$2.82$1.55$1.54$1.62$1.99$2.01$2.15$2.10$2.28$2.39$2.14$1.89$1.94$2.10$1.95$1.55
Mar$3.39$3.33$3.37$3.71$4.10$5.94$11.98$14.92$8.06$6.34$6.07$6.29$6.09$5.87$5.73$5.60$5.30$5.55$6.47$8.40$7.49$5.93$4.46$3.32
Apr$5.39$4.69$4.26$4.49$4.85$6.43$8.68$7.89$4.69$4.59$5.24$7.60$10.66$14.90$18.27$21.76$23.52$23.86$24.31$26.78$23.03$13.43$8.95$5.88
May$3.13$2.03$1.27$1.13$1.13$1.76$2.38$2.10$1.59$3.13$5.46$10.74$16.73$24.97$37.41$55.27$50.91$49.42$43.68$37.49$26.43$13.50$7.83$4.75
Jun$2.85$2.78$2.16$2.14$2.08$2.25$2.28$2.88$3.79$7.70$11.69$17.17$24.45$32.94$35.78$41.48$42.21$37.73$32.72$30.58$21.31$13.90$8.98$4.89
Jul$0.78$0.40$0.30$0.26$0.30$0.34$0.37$0.62$0.74$2.30$5.93$15.44$25.68$38.70$46.86$56.56$55.77$53.00$41.02$33.34$17.57$8.22$5.47$1.70
Aug$0.53$0.45$0.36$0.33$0.36$0.42$0.44$0.54$0.73$1.81$2.11$3.56$5.69$7.38$8.64$9.65$9.72$9.19$8.35$7.23$4.60$2.18$1.31$0.63
Sep$3.01$2.62$2.06$1.94$2.37$3.86$5.99$6.03$4.35$4.78$6.60$10.38$14.72$19.56$28.27$29.44$30.75$32.04$30.19$20.27$13.57$9.11$6.61$4.17
Oct$9.20$7.90$6.33$6.24$9.12$14.78$24.68$32.92$20.52$16.29$19.60$29.53$30.01$34.23$34.64$36.32$39.61$47.49$53.32$43.09$27.26$17.64$12.55$9.79
Nov$7.65$7.00$7.03$8.33$10.17$13.23$26.73$25.91$9.03$4.96$4.53$4.38$4.41$4.41$4.63$6.20$11.54$17.32$15.99$14.87$13.75$11.68$10.51$8.84
Dec$6.77$6.99$7.44$8.37$9.93$11.66$17.05$23.03$10.12$5.74$5.42$5.74$6.09$6.65$6.51$6.57$9.26$10.12$10.33$10.25$10.54$9.66$6.86$5.29

Congestion Hotspots (188 pnodes)

Critical: 2 Elevated: 4 Moderate: 178 Low: 4
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
CELESTIA0.8990$30.96$2161.7573.5%5.341640critical
HAMILTN0.8032$19.33$1186.5965.0%4.941199critical
TYSONS0.6023$15.04$469.4667.8%3.251368elevated
IDYLWOO40.5920$14.71$469.4667.8%3.161349elevated
BLMNTDOM0.5486$11.20$710.0564.5%2.691001elevated
JEFFRSON0.5126$11.79$360.5666.7%2.701130elevated
NOKESVIL0.4988$9.34$1077.4965.2%2.25709moderate
BRADDOCK0.4975$11.31$351.1066.5%2.591088moderate
HEATHCOT0.4751$10.08$655.2366.2%2.38870moderate
VAHILLS0.4492$9.79$307.4065.5%2.27901moderate

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

CELESTIA (peak: $211.25/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Feb0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Mar0.020.020.020.020.020.040.070.090.050.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.050.050.060.050.040.030.02
Apr0.030.030.020.020.030.040.050.040.030.030.040.070.100.150.180.210.250.250.220.230.200.110.070.04
May0.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.030.050.100.160.230.440.680.390.390.340.240.170.090.050.03
Jun0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.040.080.140.180.300.390.410.450.480.360.330.280.170.100.060.03
Jul0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.030.080.230.380.580.700.850.860.830.590.420.180.070.040.01
Aug0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.020.040.060.100.130.150.170.180.180.140.090.040.020.010.00
Sep0.020.020.010.010.010.020.030.040.030.040.070.110.150.210.310.320.340.340.280.160.100.060.040.03
Oct0.120.110.080.080.110.170.320.450.320.320.420.680.670.760.780.820.871.000.960.660.410.230.150.13
Nov0.050.040.040.050.060.080.170.170.060.040.030.030.030.040.040.050.080.120.110.100.090.070.060.05
Dec0.030.030.030.040.050.050.090.120.050.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.050.050.050.050.050.040.03
HAMILTN (peak: $304.68/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.030.030.030.030.040.040.060.100.040.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.040.040.040.040.030.02
Feb0.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01
Mar0.010.010.010.010.020.020.050.060.030.020.020.030.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.01
Apr0.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.020.020.020.040.050.070.090.110.120.120.110.110.100.050.040.02
May0.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.070.090.140.160.190.230.290.260.200.140.080.040.03
Jun0.010.010.010.000.000.010.010.010.020.030.060.080.110.190.200.250.240.240.180.130.080.050.040.02
Jul0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.080.300.470.680.870.991.001.000.680.480.200.070.030.01
Aug0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.020.020.020.020.030.050.060.030.020.010.010.010.00
Sep0.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.010.020.030.040.060.080.100.110.110.120.100.060.040.030.020.02
Oct0.020.020.010.010.020.030.050.070.040.040.050.090.070.080.080.090.110.130.110.080.050.040.030.02
Nov0.020.020.020.020.030.040.090.090.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.040.030.030.040.030.030.02
Dec0.020.020.030.030.030.040.060.080.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.030.02
TYSONS (peak: $76.74/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.110.130.130.150.150.180.270.420.190.120.070.060.070.070.070.080.090.160.160.150.170.150.130.10
Feb0.030.030.040.040.040.040.070.080.040.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.02
Mar0.050.050.050.050.060.080.180.230.130.100.100.100.090.100.110.120.120.110.110.130.110.090.070.05
Apr0.080.070.060.060.070.120.130.120.080.100.120.170.220.280.340.390.440.430.420.460.390.220.140.09
May0.050.030.020.020.020.030.040.030.040.070.110.220.320.480.650.711.000.980.840.700.490.240.140.08
Jun0.040.030.020.020.020.020.030.050.080.160.250.310.400.530.560.640.650.570.480.430.280.190.120.06
Jul0.010.010.000.000.000.000.010.010.010.040.090.240.410.640.800.980.970.930.720.560.280.130.080.02
Aug0.010.010.000.000.000.010.010.010.030.100.200.290.350.410.470.510.510.520.360.240.100.080.020.01
Sep0.050.040.040.030.040.060.090.100.100.110.160.230.320.390.550.560.610.620.580.360.220.150.100.06
Oct0.100.080.060.060.100.200.370.520.310.190.190.300.280.320.340.360.410.490.630.600.390.250.150.10
Nov0.120.110.110.130.160.210.440.430.150.090.090.080.090.090.090.110.200.300.270.240.220.180.160.14
Dec0.100.100.120.130.160.190.300.410.180.090.090.090.100.100.100.100.150.180.180.170.170.150.100.08
IDYLWOO4 (peak: $76.74/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.110.130.130.150.150.180.270.420.190.120.070.060.070.070.070.080.090.160.160.150.170.150.130.10
Feb0.030.030.040.040.040.040.070.080.040.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.02
Mar0.050.050.050.050.060.080.180.230.130.100.100.100.090.100.110.120.120.110.110.130.110.090.070.05
Apr0.080.070.060.060.070.120.130.120.070.090.100.160.210.260.330.370.430.420.420.460.390.220.140.09
May0.050.030.020.020.020.030.040.030.040.070.110.220.320.480.650.711.000.980.840.700.490.240.140.08
Jun0.040.030.020.020.020.020.030.050.080.150.240.290.380.490.520.590.610.530.450.400.270.190.110.06
Jul0.010.010.000.000.000.000.010.010.010.040.080.210.370.570.710.860.860.820.640.510.260.120.080.02
Aug0.010.010.000.000.000.010.010.010.030.100.200.290.350.410.470.500.510.520.360.240.100.080.020.01
Sep0.050.040.040.030.040.060.090.100.100.110.160.230.320.390.540.550.600.600.570.350.220.150.100.06
Oct0.110.090.060.070.100.200.370.520.320.200.200.300.280.320.340.360.420.510.650.610.400.250.150.11
Nov0.120.110.110.130.160.210.430.430.150.090.090.090.090.090.090.120.200.300.270.240.220.180.160.14
Dec0.100.100.120.130.160.190.300.410.180.090.090.090.090.100.100.100.150.180.180.170.170.150.100.08
BLMNTDOM (peak: $100.66/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.080.100.100.110.110.130.200.300.140.080.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.120.120.110.130.110.100.07
Feb0.020.030.030.030.030.030.050.060.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.020.020.020.020.020.02
Mar0.040.040.040.040.050.070.140.170.100.070.070.080.070.080.080.080.080.080.080.100.090.070.050.04
Apr0.060.050.050.050.050.080.100.090.060.060.070.100.140.190.240.270.300.300.280.290.260.150.100.06
May0.050.030.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.060.120.200.260.430.550.630.821.000.860.600.400.220.110.07
Jun0.020.020.010.010.010.010.020.020.030.050.060.080.100.120.150.160.230.150.120.130.110.090.060.03
Jul0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.020.070.100.130.160.240.250.290.310.310.340.260.180.100.050.02
Aug0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.030.030.050.050.070.070.070.090.090.070.070.040.030.010.01
Sep0.030.030.020.020.030.050.060.060.040.050.080.140.170.240.280.330.320.330.280.180.110.080.070.05
Oct0.060.050.040.030.050.110.220.330.220.150.160.200.210.240.250.270.300.310.320.290.210.150.080.06
Nov0.070.060.060.070.090.110.240.240.080.060.060.050.050.040.040.050.070.090.090.100.110.090.070.07
Dec0.060.060.070.090.100.120.150.190.080.050.060.060.060.060.050.050.070.110.100.100.090.080.070.06
DPLtransmission0.68900.4937$10.02$251.7261.9%5,421
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($53.73/MWh).

DPL (peak: $53.73/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$2.95$3.69$3.90$4.31$5.62$8.28$12.95$14.48$7.05$3.72$5.11$5.43$4.45$4.48$4.55$4.42$5.93$11.56$8.63$6.62$6.22$6.17$5.80$4.43
Feb$2.13$1.78$2.18$2.31$2.68$2.90$5.00$6.61$3.84$1.16$1.04$1.48$1.37$1.28$1.29$1.52$1.01$1.56$2.92$2.18$2.02$1.52$1.43$1.06
Mar$3.81$3.93$4.02$4.39$4.90$7.76$13.97$19.13$10.74$6.30$5.32$4.99$4.66$4.23$4.09$3.55$3.80$5.33$8.63$12.41$11.92$9.95$7.65$4.65
Apr$4.06$3.32$2.70$3.01$3.61$5.76$9.74$9.60$5.54$5.04$5.00$5.97$6.62$7.80$9.03$10.05$11.43$12.59$16.53$22.06$21.02$14.27$10.52$6.36
May$1.79$1.49$1.20$1.18$1.22$2.75$4.33$3.98$2.62$2.75$3.09$4.64$6.33$8.88$12.65$17.44$18.18$18.08$18.27$21.35$18.56$12.01$7.13$3.49
Jun$3.83$3.66$2.95$2.72$2.71$2.94$3.38$2.71$2.80$4.27$6.76$10.52$14.76$16.23$21.65$25.20$34.00$39.50$39.99$30.51$23.14$18.50$11.50$5.94
Jul$1.35$0.54$0.38$0.28$0.30$0.36$0.41$0.39$0.61$1.30$2.05$4.44$8.02$13.62$22.87$27.74$42.42$53.73$46.47$35.24$24.57$13.18$7.83$3.89
Aug$0.87$0.69$0.65$0.57$0.59$0.64$0.88$0.80$0.84$1.36$1.72$3.32$4.80$5.38$7.99$11.32$14.94$14.36$16.03$16.47$11.00$6.00$3.71$1.68
Sep$4.26$3.64$3.13$2.97$3.36$5.24$8.58$9.28$6.05$5.74$6.76$8.86$11.18$13.14$15.86$16.46$19.25$20.60$27.00$25.51$17.49$12.88$9.37$5.42
Oct$5.23$4.08$3.01$2.89$4.75$8.78$15.67$23.40$12.35$6.51$5.86$7.59$8.73$10.43$10.87$12.29$13.90$21.45$32.81$30.84$18.49$13.00$9.64$5.84
Nov$6.17$5.34$5.07$6.80$8.16$10.71$18.25$19.53$10.92$6.96$6.60$5.41$5.46$4.58$5.14$5.60$8.19$10.73$11.57$11.84$10.79$9.68$7.65$6.56
Dec$20.93$19.80$20.74$19.76$21.34$32.69$50.63$47.98$27.06$13.61$8.44$7.05$6.98$6.96$8.60$11.44$23.85$36.43$36.75$38.32$34.14$26.21$24.30$19.88

Congestion Hotspots (55 pnodes)

Critical: 1 Elevated: 27 Moderate: 14 Low: 13
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
MARDELA0.7539$14.70$1354.4861.8%2.46597critical
HEBRON0.7339$14.74$1154.0861.8%2.40599elevated
INDIANRI0.7167$15.15$483.2861.2%2.48592elevated
ROCKWLKN0.7142$14.67$1083.8561.8%2.35600elevated
FRANKFOR0.7082$15.04$482.3661.2%2.46584elevated
ST1380.7078$15.04$481.8461.3%2.46581elevated
OCEANBAY0.7077$15.03$481.6361.3%2.46581elevated
WORCESTE0.7034$14.93$502.4961.5%2.43578elevated
WALSTON0.6978$14.69$1083.8561.8%2.32599elevated
CHERITON0.6844$15.25$452.9962.3%2.04665elevated

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

MARDELA (peak: $144.86/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.020.030.030.040.050.080.140.180.160.040.040.040.030.030.030.050.040.110.090.070.060.050.050.03
Feb0.020.010.020.020.020.020.050.050.040.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.020.020.010.010.01
Mar0.020.020.030.030.030.050.090.120.070.040.030.030.030.030.030.020.030.040.060.080.080.070.050.03
Apr0.030.020.020.020.020.040.070.070.030.030.030.040.040.050.060.070.080.080.110.150.140.090.070.04
May0.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.030.020.020.020.030.040.060.090.120.120.120.120.150.130.080.050.02
Jun0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.060.110.160.350.510.640.880.931.000.480.260.170.090.05
Jul0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.040.060.140.290.370.560.680.630.480.280.140.060.03
Aug0.010.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.010.020.020.020.040.040.070.090.140.150.170.150.090.040.030.01
Sep0.030.030.020.020.020.040.060.070.040.040.050.060.080.100.130.150.170.190.210.200.130.090.070.04
Oct0.040.030.020.020.030.060.110.160.090.040.040.050.060.070.080.090.110.190.260.260.160.100.070.04
Nov0.040.040.040.050.060.070.120.380.130.050.050.040.040.030.040.040.060.080.080.080.070.070.050.05
Dec0.230.220.230.220.230.370.560.560.340.200.130.110.110.110.110.150.270.410.420.430.380.290.270.22
HEBRON (peak: $131.31/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.030.040.040.050.070.100.180.210.160.040.050.050.040.040.040.050.050.130.110.080.070.060.050.04
Feb0.020.020.020.020.020.020.050.050.040.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.020.020.010.010.01
Mar0.030.030.030.030.030.050.100.120.070.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.040.060.090.090.070.050.03
Apr0.030.020.020.020.020.040.080.070.040.030.030.040.050.060.060.070.080.090.120.160.150.100.070.04
May0.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.030.020.020.020.030.050.070.090.130.140.130.130.160.140.090.050.03
Jun0.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.060.110.180.340.500.660.880.931.000.640.380.190.110.06
Jul0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.020.040.070.170.310.430.660.820.750.580.330.170.070.04
Aug0.010.010.010.000.000.000.010.010.010.020.020.030.040.050.070.110.150.180.200.170.100.040.030.01
Sep0.030.030.020.020.030.040.070.070.050.040.050.070.090.110.140.160.180.200.230.220.140.100.070.04
Oct0.040.030.020.020.040.070.120.180.100.050.040.060.070.080.090.100.120.190.280.280.170.110.080.05
Nov0.050.040.040.050.060.080.130.420.140.050.050.040.040.040.040.040.060.090.090.080.080.070.060.05
Dec0.260.240.250.240.260.410.630.630.360.200.140.110.110.110.120.160.300.460.470.490.430.330.300.24
INDIANRI (peak: $164.62/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.020.020.020.020.030.060.100.120.050.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.080.060.040.040.040.040.03
Feb0.010.010.010.010.020.020.040.050.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.010.010.010.010.01
Mar0.020.020.020.020.030.040.080.090.060.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.030.050.070.070.060.040.03
Apr0.020.020.010.020.020.030.060.060.030.030.030.030.040.040.050.060.070.070.100.130.120.080.060.04
May0.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.010.020.020.030.040.050.080.100.110.110.110.130.110.070.040.02
Jun0.020.020.020.020.010.020.020.020.020.020.050.100.150.170.230.340.510.600.620.490.280.200.080.03
Jul0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.040.070.200.390.520.781.000.930.730.410.170.060.03
Aug0.010.000.000.000.000.000.010.000.010.010.010.020.030.040.070.110.170.200.230.190.090.040.020.01
Sep0.030.020.020.020.020.030.050.060.040.040.040.050.070.090.110.120.160.170.210.200.120.080.060.03
Oct0.030.030.020.020.030.050.100.150.080.040.040.050.050.060.070.080.080.130.200.190.110.080.060.04
Nov0.040.030.030.040.050.060.110.120.070.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.050.070.070.070.070.060.050.04
Dec0.230.210.220.210.230.350.540.530.290.140.080.070.060.060.080.120.250.400.410.430.370.290.260.21
ROCKWLKN (peak: $122.51/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.030.040.050.060.080.120.210.240.160.050.050.050.040.040.040.050.060.150.120.090.080.070.050.04
Feb0.020.020.020.020.030.030.060.060.040.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.020.020.010.010.01
Mar0.030.030.030.030.040.060.110.130.080.050.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.040.070.100.090.080.060.03
Apr0.030.020.020.020.030.040.090.080.040.030.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.100.130.170.160.110.080.05
May0.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.030.020.020.020.040.050.070.100.140.140.140.140.170.150.100.060.03
Jun0.030.030.020.020.020.020.030.020.020.040.070.110.190.340.480.640.870.931.000.660.400.220.120.07
Jul0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.020.040.080.190.350.470.730.910.840.660.380.200.080.05
Aug0.010.010.010.000.000.010.010.010.010.020.020.030.040.050.080.110.160.190.220.190.110.050.030.01
Sep0.040.030.030.030.030.040.070.080.050.050.060.070.090.120.150.170.190.210.240.230.150.110.080.05
Oct0.040.030.030.020.040.070.130.190.100.050.050.060.070.080.090.100.120.200.290.290.180.110.080.05
Nov0.050.040.040.060.070.080.140.450.150.060.050.040.050.040.040.050.070.090.090.090.080.080.060.05
Dec0.280.260.270.260.280.450.690.680.390.210.140.120.110.110.120.160.320.500.510.530.460.350.330.26
FRANKFOR (peak: $161.07/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.020.020.020.020.040.060.100.120.050.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.080.060.040.040.040.040.03
Feb0.010.010.010.010.020.020.040.050.030.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.010.010.010.010.01
Mar0.020.020.020.020.030.040.080.090.060.040.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.030.050.070.070.060.040.03
Apr0.020.020.010.020.020.030.060.060.030.030.030.030.040.050.050.060.070.080.100.130.130.080.060.04
May0.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.020.020.020.020.030.040.050.080.110.110.110.110.130.110.070.040.02
Jun0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.060.100.150.180.240.340.520.600.630.490.280.210.080.03
Jul0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.040.070.200.390.520.781.000.930.730.410.170.060.03
Aug0.010.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.040.070.120.170.200.230.190.090.040.020.01
Sep0.030.020.020.020.020.030.060.060.040.040.040.060.070.100.110.120.160.180.220.200.130.080.060.04
Oct0.030.030.020.020.030.060.100.150.080.040.040.050.060.070.070.080.090.130.210.190.120.080.060.04
Nov0.040.030.030.040.050.070.110.130.070.040.040.030.030.030.030.040.050.070.070.070.070.060.050.04
Dec0.230.220.230.210.230.360.550.540.290.140.090.070.070.070.090.120.260.410.410.440.380.290.270.21
DUQunconstrained0.38350.4183$3.78$116.6933.5%2,933
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($22.90/MWh).

DUQ (peak: $22.90/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$4.29$4.84$4.87$5.66$6.63$7.69$9.28$15.65$7.17$4.75$4.87$4.70$4.77$4.22$4.12$4.46$5.77$8.64$7.83$7.39$7.71$7.02$6.37$4.72
Feb$1.63$1.59$1.61$1.68$1.70$1.73$2.10$1.93$1.57$1.23$1.57$1.86$2.08$2.17$2.33$2.05$1.96$2.36$1.91$1.63$1.48$1.70$1.90$1.49
Mar$1.65$1.65$1.71$1.81$1.94$2.30$2.88$3.24$1.57$1.22$1.21$1.20$1.28$1.36$1.49$1.48$1.56$1.61$1.90$2.33$2.05$1.80$1.67$1.48
Apr$2.70$2.57$2.57$2.74$2.85$3.38$4.27$4.10$2.23$1.83$1.79$2.10$2.49$2.59$2.74$3.09$3.27$3.13$3.16$3.57$3.25$2.59$2.66$2.48
May$0.74$0.46$0.35$0.34$0.37$0.50$0.62$0.63$0.43$0.80$1.40$2.49$3.83$6.11$8.93$12.96$12.39$12.57$10.90$9.07$6.13$2.46$1.75$1.15
Jun$0.82$0.74$0.61$0.58$0.56$0.66$0.78$1.26$1.42$2.31$2.53$3.47$5.09$7.98$9.18$11.16$12.07$12.23$9.96$7.54$4.68$3.52$2.40$1.02
Jul$0.19$0.17$0.13$0.14$0.16$0.21$0.22$0.37$0.35$0.90$1.97$5.34$8.80$13.23$16.66$20.94$22.42$22.90$16.38$11.43$5.13$2.11$1.45$0.25
Aug$0.42$0.38$0.31$0.28$0.29$0.32$0.38$0.51$0.48$0.63$0.68$0.82$1.37$1.79$2.26$2.99$3.21$3.73$3.09$1.82$1.15$0.81$0.47$0.39
Sep$0.26$0.25$0.24$0.26$0.30$0.52$0.70$0.52$0.36$0.47$0.73$1.20$1.80$2.76$4.79$5.17$5.85$6.08$4.66$2.41$1.26$0.68$0.43$0.29
Oct$1.16$1.10$1.14$1.28$1.40$2.10$3.39$3.88$2.48$2.56$3.10$4.97$4.36$4.86$5.27$5.69$5.98$6.27$5.98$3.64$2.62$1.49$1.67$1.51
Nov$2.35$2.09$2.09$2.23$2.37$3.34$8.53$7.16$1.74$1.25$1.23$1.22$1.18$1.15$1.20$1.39$2.52$4.80$3.94$3.89$3.45$2.88$2.59$2.70
Dec$6.35$5.99$5.86$6.19$7.19$9.07$14.62$19.02$9.72$6.32$5.95$6.33$5.95$6.19$6.00$7.03$10.52$13.21$11.15$10.98$10.35$9.87$7.41$6.02
EKPCunconstrained0.40990.4853$3.13$128.4136.7%3,214
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($23.87/MWh).

EKPC (peak: $23.87/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$1.88$2.36$2.74$2.92$3.71$4.22$5.46$8.29$4.16$2.99$3.04$3.83$3.95$4.03$4.05$3.95$3.81$5.23$4.20$3.78$4.42$4.27$3.49$2.69
Feb$0.66$0.68$0.83$0.90$0.90$0.92$1.29$1.42$1.05$0.93$0.97$0.89$1.04$0.99$1.01$0.88$1.01$0.99$0.79$0.81$0.85$0.94$0.82$0.71
Mar$2.43$2.38$2.52$2.61$2.84$3.23$4.23$4.32$1.57$1.69$1.78$1.66$1.51$1.38$1.34$1.44$1.43$2.00$2.75$3.58$3.46$3.14$2.78$2.37
Apr$2.86$2.67$2.59$2.77$2.89$3.57$5.21$4.50$2.44$2.12$1.97$2.00$2.05$2.29$2.32$2.43$2.69$3.44$4.07$5.27$5.15$4.00$3.65$3.19
May$0.39$0.34$0.35$0.38$0.43$0.64$0.90$0.87$0.81$1.16$1.74$2.47$3.90$5.60$8.11$11.83$10.30$9.84$6.82$4.50$3.24$1.84$1.15$0.67
Jun$0.79$0.79$0.60$0.52$0.55$0.64$0.70$0.82$1.05$2.12$2.83$3.72$5.57$7.24$7.95$10.16$10.52$10.78$7.30$4.92$3.58$2.77$2.12$1.06
Jul$0.36$0.23$0.18$0.17$0.19$0.21$0.21$0.29$0.41$0.97$2.03$5.36$8.81$13.48$17.07$21.67$23.25$23.87$16.41$10.96$5.34$2.18$1.38$0.63
Aug$0.45$0.42$0.37$0.35$0.37$0.40$0.45$0.41$0.44$0.75$0.91$1.31$1.98$2.70$3.68$4.47$5.18$5.69$4.74$3.55$2.77$1.78$1.03$0.57
Sep$0.98$0.87$0.80$0.78$0.91$1.49$1.94$1.82$1.05$0.91$1.27$1.92$2.57$3.58$5.50$5.80$6.75$7.14$6.43$4.71$3.21$2.35$1.76$1.04
Oct$1.30$1.14$1.08$1.11$1.48$2.33$3.05$4.00$2.12$1.76$2.27$4.05$3.40$3.93$4.07$4.48$4.48$4.90$5.05$3.87$2.33$1.90$1.87$1.31
Nov$1.53$1.31$1.32$1.43$1.55$2.25$4.04$3.34$2.16$1.57$1.54$1.53$1.56$1.41$1.49$1.70$2.22$2.39$3.00$2.81$2.18$1.92$1.68$1.67
Dec$2.93$3.01$3.02$3.15$3.44$4.14$6.25$7.82$4.13$2.94$2.73$3.04$3.39$3.50$3.62$3.81$5.16$5.87$4.97$4.90$4.79$4.50$3.76$3.42
JCPLtransmission0.51410.4620$6.78$122.8458.3%5,108
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($33.67/MWh).

JCPL (peak: $33.67/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$1.30$1.72$1.66$1.76$1.20$1.66$4.58$5.33$2.53$2.60$4.27$4.52$3.95$3.83$3.57$3.46$4.83$5.16$4.94$3.57$3.84$3.89$3.58$2.87
Feb$1.59$1.63$1.92$1.98$2.13$2.59$4.80$5.75$3.10$1.27$1.06$1.15$1.27$1.05$1.17$0.88$1.22$1.81$1.83$1.96$1.71$1.39$1.25$1.36
Mar$2.61$2.52$2.52$2.69$3.00$4.83$10.44$13.86$5.80$3.26$3.23$3.10$2.83$2.53$2.29$2.20$2.60$3.46$5.31$7.21$7.13$6.17$4.55$3.02
Apr$3.30$2.41$2.05$2.19$2.57$4.41$8.15$8.80$3.90$3.37$3.45$4.21$5.15$6.53$7.60$8.92$10.17$11.12$14.06$19.03$18.11$11.92$8.16$4.84
May$1.57$1.18$0.92$0.92$0.95$2.03$3.30$2.98$2.00$2.10$2.61$4.06$5.65$7.90$11.58$16.46$17.09$17.37$17.37$19.13$16.12$9.80$5.79$2.87
Jun$3.10$2.76$2.11$1.92$1.90$2.05$2.32$2.00$2.15$3.26$5.20$8.35$11.37$14.56$16.86$19.14$20.42$19.49$19.31$22.23$18.12$12.91$8.76$5.06
Jul$1.29$0.59$0.42$0.30$0.33$0.37$0.44$0.41$0.60$1.30$1.99$4.62$8.40$10.70$11.91$13.68$15.33$15.05$16.54$19.37$16.85$9.18$6.54$2.94
Aug$0.83$0.66$0.61$0.54$0.55$0.59$0.81$0.74$0.79$1.34$1.60$2.92$4.32$4.96$6.13$6.54$6.75$6.98$8.58$12.10$9.56$5.44$3.52$1.64
Sep$4.74$4.05$3.38$3.20$3.70$5.81$9.40$10.11$6.61$6.04$7.04$9.19$11.90$14.90$17.55$18.52$19.84$23.81$30.31$28.45$19.40$14.15$10.19$6.17
Oct$5.61$4.31$3.20$3.06$4.86$8.92$15.62$22.98$12.27$6.63$6.35$8.16$9.31$10.90$11.21$12.54$14.20$22.02$33.67$30.95$18.43$13.18$10.01$6.34
Nov$5.84$4.97$4.84$6.23$7.70$10.51$20.22$21.35$9.73$5.32$4.93$4.39$4.23$3.66$3.94$4.42$7.75$12.64$13.51$12.89$10.99$9.28$7.38$6.19
Dec$3.13$2.68$3.06$3.26$3.96$5.10$8.98$12.44$7.25$4.20$3.26$2.77$3.01$2.75$2.60$2.52$4.28$5.66$5.82$5.63$5.74$5.04$3.74$2.87

Congestion Hotspots (33 pnodes)

Critical: 1 Elevated: 2 Moderate: 2 Low: 28
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
PEQUESTR1.0000$8.96$257.5060.6%2.46657critical
FLANDERS0.6662$7.78$233.6660.3%2.46534elevated
MORRISPA0.5260$7.48$256.5960.1%2.44509elevated
FRANKLIN0.3775$7.04$121.1859.9%2.44444moderate
YARDSCRE0.2896$6.94$164.7460.0%2.41409moderate
POHATCON0.2458$6.88$121.4559.4%2.42406low
COOKSTOW0.2130$7.07$122.5759.1%2.41454low
SAYRECON0.1814$6.87$123.9058.8%2.44418low
WHITINGS0.1633$6.99$123.4658.9%2.41438low
NEWTON0.1616$6.77$121.4058.9%2.42401low

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

PEQUESTR (peak: $64.63/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.030.030.030.030.020.030.070.080.040.090.080.080.080.090.080.070.080.100.150.080.130.070.050.04
Feb0.030.030.030.030.030.040.070.090.050.020.020.020.020.020.020.010.020.030.030.030.030.020.020.02
Mar0.230.180.150.140.140.200.390.470.340.340.220.170.170.200.250.360.470.751.000.970.890.770.510.43
Apr0.050.040.030.030.040.060.120.130.060.050.050.060.080.100.110.140.150.170.210.280.270.180.120.07
May0.020.020.010.010.010.030.050.040.030.030.040.060.080.120.180.250.260.270.260.290.240.150.090.04
Jun0.050.040.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.050.080.120.170.220.260.290.320.310.300.330.270.190.130.08
Jul0.020.010.010.000.010.010.010.010.010.030.030.080.130.170.180.200.220.200.230.290.260.140.100.05
Aug0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.050.070.080.100.130.150.200.190.220.170.090.060.03
Sep0.080.070.060.050.060.090.150.160.110.100.110.140.190.230.270.290.310.360.460.430.300.230.160.10
Oct0.090.070.050.050.080.140.240.360.190.100.100.130.140.170.170.190.220.340.530.480.290.210.160.10
Nov0.090.080.080.100.120.160.320.330.150.080.070.070.060.050.060.070.120.200.210.200.180.150.120.10
Dec0.050.040.050.050.070.090.150.200.120.130.060.050.050.050.050.130.160.180.160.160.190.180.150.12
FLANDERS (peak: $33.90/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.050.060.060.050.030.050.130.170.080.130.150.150.140.140.110.120.150.170.220.140.180.130.110.09
Feb0.050.050.060.060.060.080.140.170.090.040.040.040.040.040.040.030.040.060.060.060.060.050.040.04
Mar0.240.180.160.150.150.220.420.500.340.340.230.180.180.220.270.380.500.821.000.940.890.780.510.44
Apr0.090.070.060.060.070.120.220.240.110.090.100.120.150.190.220.260.290.320.400.540.510.330.230.14
May0.050.030.030.030.030.060.090.080.060.060.080.120.170.230.340.490.500.510.510.550.460.280.160.08
Jun0.090.080.060.050.050.060.060.060.060.100.150.240.320.410.460.550.600.580.560.630.510.360.250.14
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.050.060.140.250.310.340.380.420.400.440.550.480.270.190.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.130.140.180.210.220.260.280.370.280.160.100.05
Sep0.140.120.100.100.110.180.280.300.200.180.210.270.350.440.520.540.580.690.880.820.560.420.310.19
Oct0.170.130.100.100.150.270.460.680.360.200.190.240.280.320.330.370.420.651.000.920.550.400.300.19
Nov0.180.160.150.190.230.310.600.630.280.150.140.130.110.100.110.130.230.370.400.380.340.290.230.19
Dec0.090.080.100.100.120.170.280.380.230.230.110.090.090.100.090.220.270.310.290.290.330.300.250.20
MORRISPA (peak: $34.33/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.040.040.050.030.050.130.160.070.080.140.150.140.140.130.120.140.140.120.110.130.110.100.08
Feb0.050.050.060.060.060.080.140.160.090.040.030.040.040.030.030.030.040.060.050.060.050.040.040.04
Mar0.190.160.140.130.130.180.340.380.240.240.160.120.120.150.180.260.340.530.700.660.600.530.360.31
Apr0.100.070.060.060.070.120.230.250.110.090.100.120.140.190.210.260.290.320.400.540.520.340.230.14
May0.050.030.030.030.030.060.090.080.060.060.080.120.160.220.330.480.490.500.490.540.450.270.160.08
Jun0.090.080.060.050.050.060.060.060.060.100.150.240.320.410.470.540.600.590.580.640.500.360.250.14
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.050.070.150.260.320.360.400.430.390.430.550.490.280.200.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.140.170.220.310.390.550.480.510.390.200.120.05
Sep0.150.130.110.100.120.180.280.310.200.180.210.270.350.440.520.540.580.690.870.820.560.430.320.19
Oct0.170.130.100.090.150.270.460.680.360.190.180.240.270.320.330.360.410.641.000.920.550.400.310.19
Nov0.170.150.150.180.230.310.590.620.280.150.140.120.120.100.110.120.220.360.390.370.320.280.220.18
Dec0.090.080.100.100.130.170.290.390.230.180.120.090.080.080.080.120.140.160.170.180.180.170.130.09
FRANKLIN (peak: $33.52/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.050.060.060.060.030.050.140.170.080.110.140.140.130.130.100.110.150.170.200.130.160.130.110.09
Feb0.050.050.060.060.060.080.140.170.090.040.040.040.050.040.040.030.040.070.070.070.060.050.040.05
Mar0.150.120.100.100.100.130.270.340.180.180.130.100.090.100.120.180.230.370.550.530.470.440.270.23
Apr0.090.070.060.060.070.120.230.250.110.090.100.120.150.190.220.260.300.320.400.540.520.340.230.14
May0.050.030.030.030.030.060.090.080.060.060.080.120.170.230.340.490.500.510.510.550.470.280.170.08
Jun0.090.080.060.050.050.060.060.060.060.100.150.240.330.420.470.560.610.580.570.640.510.370.250.14
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.250.310.340.380.420.400.460.550.490.270.190.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.130.140.180.200.200.220.260.360.280.160.100.05
Sep0.140.120.100.100.110.180.280.300.200.180.210.270.350.440.520.550.580.700.890.830.570.420.310.19
Oct0.170.130.100.090.140.270.470.680.360.190.180.240.280.320.330.370.420.651.000.920.550.390.300.19
Nov0.170.150.140.180.230.310.600.620.280.150.140.130.120.110.110.120.220.370.390.370.320.270.220.18
Dec0.100.090.100.100.120.160.270.380.220.150.130.110.120.110.110.100.160.200.200.190.210.180.130.10
YARDSCRE (peak: $33.82/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.060.060.060.050.030.050.130.160.080.170.130.130.120.120.120.110.140.190.270.150.200.130.100.08
Feb0.050.050.060.060.060.080.140.170.090.040.040.040.050.040.040.030.040.060.060.060.060.050.040.05
Mar0.070.070.070.070.080.130.280.370.160.090.090.090.080.070.060.060.070.090.140.200.200.170.120.08
Apr0.090.070.060.060.070.120.230.240.110.090.100.120.140.190.220.260.290.320.400.530.510.330.220.13
May0.050.030.030.030.030.060.090.090.060.060.080.120.170.230.340.490.500.510.510.550.460.280.170.09
Jun0.090.080.060.050.050.060.060.060.060.100.150.240.320.410.460.550.610.590.580.640.510.370.250.14
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.250.310.350.380.410.390.430.550.480.270.190.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.040.050.090.130.150.180.210.210.210.250.360.290.170.110.05
Sep0.150.120.100.100.110.180.280.300.200.180.210.270.350.440.520.550.580.700.880.830.570.430.310.19
Oct0.170.140.100.100.150.270.470.680.360.200.190.250.280.320.340.370.420.651.000.920.550.400.300.20
Nov0.180.150.150.180.230.310.600.630.290.160.150.130.120.110.120.140.250.390.420.390.350.290.230.19
Dec0.110.100.110.110.140.180.300.400.250.210.140.120.120.130.120.180.230.280.280.280.280.250.190.16
METEDunconstrained0.43910.4410$6.22$128.3655.6%4,869
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($35.60/MWh).

METED (peak: $35.60/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$2.25$2.65$2.89$2.58$3.59$5.49$6.51$8.09$5.87$4.87$5.11$8.08$4.99$5.21$5.36$5.10$6.30$9.16$9.17$6.61$6.59$6.34$6.31$3.56
Feb$1.82$2.00$2.47$2.23$2.57$3.03$4.36$5.19$2.43$1.16$1.04$1.18$1.03$0.92$0.87$0.85$1.11$1.39$1.25$1.29$1.08$0.99$0.96$1.24
Mar$2.74$2.47$2.47$2.56$2.82$3.39$6.21$7.52$2.62$2.57$2.21$1.89$1.95$1.94$1.89$2.50$2.85$4.11$5.78$5.88$5.72$4.74$3.94$3.44
Apr$3.33$2.75$2.36$2.49$2.69$3.66$6.31$7.54$3.45$2.89$3.01$3.33$4.37$5.76$6.72$8.04$9.11$9.43$11.54$14.40$13.67$9.33$7.26$4.56
May$1.16$0.73$0.54$0.52$0.59$1.06$1.97$2.21$2.25$2.30$2.43$3.21$4.21$5.10$7.30$11.16$10.28$10.27$9.71$9.35$7.11$4.76$3.17$2.15
Jun$2.86$1.99$1.33$1.13$1.10$1.29$1.87$2.08$2.49$3.45$4.11$5.63$6.77$9.41$9.20$12.18$14.03$14.18$13.21$13.73$10.80$8.71$6.82$5.12
Jul$2.48$1.21$0.86$0.60$0.68$0.67$0.82$0.59$0.66$1.37$1.93$3.64$7.10$8.72$11.52$14.23$15.39$14.54$13.34$11.42$8.77$5.71$4.23$3.91
Aug$1.40$1.02$0.87$0.76$0.68$0.76$1.15$1.13$1.09$1.64$1.75$2.50$3.12$3.64$4.52$5.40$5.48$5.33$5.10$7.51$6.65$4.57$3.78$2.61
Sep$6.35$5.32$4.30$4.02$4.71$7.03$9.28$9.88$6.92$6.12$6.72$7.80$9.77$11.03$13.30$13.46$13.58$15.65$21.49$20.63$14.62$12.97$11.82$8.07
Oct$7.87$6.06$4.58$4.37$6.80$11.88$19.13$28.01$14.05$7.87$7.35$9.27$10.35$10.83$10.89$11.78$13.16$20.65$35.60$32.21$19.84$16.06$13.68$9.16
Nov$8.34$7.07$7.24$8.26$10.26$12.49$21.08$21.43$11.14$5.26$5.13$4.73$4.19$3.89$4.07$4.69$8.86$13.34$14.36$13.49$12.62$11.53$10.47$9.02
Dec$3.09$3.05$3.36$3.68$4.23$4.85$7.30$10.64$6.23$3.87$2.98$2.81$2.59$2.56$2.55$2.91$4.98$5.21$5.56$5.40$5.99$5.21$4.07$3.54
OVECgeneration0.37270.5047$3.56$134.2936.9%3,236
Generation-constrained zones lack sufficient local supply. Consistent resources reduce demand permanently, easing the supply gap. Variable resources add local generation capacity.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization, Combined Heat & Power
Permanently reduces demand, closing the local supply gap
SecondaryvariableSolar PV, Wind
Adds local generation to offset imports
TertiarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Provides capacity during generation shortfalls

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($24.45/MWh).

OVEC (peak: $24.45/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$7.27$8.19$8.50$8.51$10.04$10.89$12.37$13.54$6.72$3.96$3.51$3.87$3.79$3.98$3.87$4.15$4.66$6.81$5.88$5.88$6.42$6.34$6.18$6.37
Feb$1.11$1.11$1.23$1.23$1.34$1.43$1.57$1.36$1.14$1.08$1.08$1.21$1.45$1.54$1.60$1.51$1.60$1.80$1.02$0.99$1.00$1.14$1.05$1.08
Mar$1.72$1.86$1.94$2.00$2.25$2.60$3.41$3.40$1.25$1.52$1.81$1.72$1.49$1.30$1.31$1.45$1.35$1.62$2.30$2.78$2.51$2.13$1.93$1.53
Apr$3.07$2.91$2.85$3.00$3.15$3.77$5.10$4.44$2.45$2.04$1.91$2.04$2.22$2.49$2.44$2.60$2.74$3.18$3.85$4.84$4.87$3.84$3.47$3.17
May$0.40$0.35$0.35$0.37$0.43$0.65$0.90$0.77$0.64$0.95$1.48$2.40$3.69$5.47$8.08$11.88$10.68$10.78$8.05$5.30$3.77$1.74$1.09$0.62
Jun$0.74$0.78$0.57$0.51$0.53$0.67$0.73$0.84$0.98$2.03$2.68$3.67$5.29$7.32$8.16$10.78$11.25$11.36$7.84$5.34$4.08$3.06$2.23$1.04
Jul$0.36$0.23$0.18$0.18$0.20$0.22$0.24$0.31$0.44$0.97$2.05$5.47$9.10$13.90$17.54$22.40$24.02$24.45$17.31$11.61$5.48$2.43$1.64$0.54
Aug$0.44$0.41$0.36$0.35$0.36$0.40$0.45$0.45$0.44$0.74$0.87$1.18$1.92$2.55$3.47$4.28$4.82$5.33$4.36$3.87$3.24$2.28$1.19$0.56
Sep$0.91$0.81$0.72$0.71$0.84$1.41$1.85$1.62$0.97$0.82$1.02$1.45$1.92$2.97$4.85$5.23$6.07$6.43$5.90$4.11$2.78$2.06$1.52$0.93
Oct$1.63$1.53$1.46$1.51$2.02$2.78$3.53$4.14$2.47$1.78$2.06$3.72$3.16$3.60$3.77$4.14$4.10$4.62$4.21$3.20$2.15$2.16$2.23$1.77
Nov$2.23$2.09$2.18$2.43$2.49$3.00$4.87$4.51$2.29$2.02$1.91$1.85$1.83$1.76$1.89$2.31$2.88$3.55$4.00$3.81$3.47$2.99$2.68$2.35
Dec$4.69$4.97$4.85$5.07$5.40$5.96$8.30$9.59$5.02$3.67$3.32$3.92$4.32$4.46$4.54$4.84$6.94$7.49$6.72$6.77$6.76$6.17$5.12$4.28

Congestion Hotspots (2 pnodes)

Critical: 1 Elevated: 0 Moderate: 0 Low: 1
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
KYGERCRE0.8500$3.57$134.8835.6%1.70456critical
CLIFTYCR0.1500$3.34$133.1035.4%1.85420low

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

KYGERCRE (peak: $24.75/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.300.340.350.350.420.460.510.540.270.170.150.160.150.150.150.160.180.280.230.230.260.260.240.26
Feb0.040.040.050.050.060.070.070.060.040.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.030.030.030.040.040.04
Mar0.070.080.080.080.090.110.150.150.060.070.090.090.070.070.080.080.070.080.120.120.110.090.080.06
Apr0.120.120.110.120.130.150.200.180.100.080.080.080.090.100.100.100.110.130.150.190.190.150.140.12
May0.020.010.010.010.020.030.030.030.030.040.060.090.140.220.320.470.430.440.340.230.170.070.050.02
Jun0.030.030.020.020.020.030.030.030.040.080.110.140.210.310.340.460.490.500.370.270.190.130.090.04
Jul0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.080.220.370.560.710.910.981.000.700.470.230.100.070.02
Aug0.020.020.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.030.040.050.080.100.130.160.190.190.150.100.080.060.030.02
Sep0.040.030.030.030.030.060.070.060.040.030.040.060.080.120.190.210.240.260.230.160.110.080.060.04
Oct0.070.060.060.060.080.120.140.170.100.070.080.150.130.150.150.170.170.190.170.130.090.090.090.07
Nov0.080.080.080.090.090.110.200.180.090.070.070.070.070.060.070.080.110.130.150.150.130.120.110.09
Dec0.180.210.200.210.220.250.340.400.210.150.140.160.180.180.190.200.290.310.280.280.280.260.210.18
CLIFTYCR (peak: $23.84/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.220.250.270.280.330.360.430.520.260.170.150.180.180.180.180.180.190.280.230.220.250.250.220.21
Feb0.030.040.040.050.050.050.060.060.050.040.040.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.030.030.040.040.040.04
Mar0.080.080.080.090.100.110.140.150.050.060.060.060.050.040.040.050.050.060.080.110.110.090.080.07
Apr0.140.130.130.140.140.170.230.190.100.090.080.090.090.110.110.110.120.140.170.210.210.170.150.14
May0.020.010.010.010.020.020.030.030.030.040.070.100.150.230.330.500.440.440.320.210.150.080.050.02
Jun0.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.030.040.090.110.150.220.300.320.420.450.450.310.200.150.110.080.04
Jul0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.080.220.370.570.720.910.981.000.690.470.230.090.060.02
Aug0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.040.060.080.110.150.180.200.220.180.130.110.070.040.02
Sep0.040.030.030.030.040.060.080.070.040.030.040.060.080.120.200.220.260.270.250.180.120.090.070.04
Oct0.060.060.050.060.070.110.140.160.100.070.090.160.140.160.170.190.190.200.190.140.090.080.080.06
Nov0.070.070.070.080.070.100.180.190.080.070.060.060.060.060.060.080.100.110.140.130.100.090.080.08
Dec0.160.170.170.180.200.220.310.370.200.150.130.140.160.160.170.180.250.280.250.250.250.230.190.16
PECOtransmission0.54440.4475$7.31$114.0059.8%5,238
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($33.08/MWh).

PECO (peak: $33.08/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$1.52$2.04$1.98$2.20$1.89$2.44$4.55$4.34$2.93$2.19$4.27$4.81$4.02$4.04$4.05$3.80$4.98$5.42$4.11$3.58$3.43$4.12$4.00$3.23
Feb$1.56$1.54$1.86$1.95$2.13$2.60$4.84$6.11$3.31$1.16$0.89$0.94$1.10$0.83$0.90$0.69$0.92$1.42$1.86$2.05$1.79$1.44$1.09$1.12
Mar$3.43$3.53$3.64$3.97$4.37$7.13$15.44$21.28$9.96$5.59$5.07$4.85$4.50$4.11$3.91$3.42$3.86$5.43$8.87$13.53$12.94$10.34$7.18$4.14
Apr$3.74$2.89$2.31$2.59$3.16$5.72$10.28$10.59$5.15$4.33$4.28$5.23$6.11$7.47$8.71$9.83$11.26$12.63$16.52$22.21$21.11$14.23$9.94$5.86
May$1.72$1.40$1.12$1.10$1.14$2.56$4.07$3.73$2.47$2.59$2.97$4.49$6.17$8.63$12.34$17.11$17.91$18.29$18.52$20.86$17.87$11.41$6.77$3.33
Jun$3.69$3.42$2.73$2.51$2.50$2.71$3.11$2.68$2.82$4.64$6.06$9.62$12.97$15.88$18.04$19.77$20.67$21.77$20.91$25.44$21.43$15.30$10.47$5.92
Jul$1.19$0.55$0.39$0.28$0.30$0.36$0.42$0.40$0.74$1.72$2.01$4.68$8.60$11.97$14.27$16.72$17.63$17.81$19.40$21.50$18.63$9.84$6.90$2.85
Aug$0.86$0.68$0.64$0.56$0.57$0.63$0.86$0.78$0.82$1.40$1.73$3.23$4.74$5.49$6.76$7.35$7.51$7.31$8.77$12.90$10.52$6.01$3.65$1.67
Sep$4.35$3.71$3.18$3.02$3.43$5.37$8.82$9.52$6.15$5.78$6.74$8.83$11.42$14.27$16.92$17.88$19.37$22.89$29.24$27.41$18.84$13.31$9.52$5.57
Oct$5.22$4.09$3.02$2.89$4.70$8.67$15.42$22.92$12.08$6.35$5.81$7.58$8.74$10.50$10.99$12.40$14.10$21.72$33.08$30.93$18.50$12.95$9.64$5.93
Nov$6.00$5.20$4.95$6.55$7.91$11.17$21.14$22.51$10.69$6.48$6.05$5.07$5.08$4.27$4.74$5.22$8.20$13.47$14.15$13.67$11.38$9.52$7.48$6.42
Dec$2.59$2.51$2.74$3.04$3.71$4.82$8.69$12.19$6.99$4.10$2.96$2.84$2.93$2.60$2.57$2.51$3.58$4.48$4.74$4.48$4.29$3.61$2.69$2.26

Congestion Hotspots (28 pnodes)

Critical: 0 Elevated: 2 Moderate: 26 Low: 0
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
CONOWING0.7189$9.55$168.4757.4%2.39845elevated
DALESVIL0.5947$8.83$139.4858.2%2.42722elevated
MUDDYRN0.4964$7.62$300.5959.9%2.44439moderate
UPPERDAR0.4109$7.64$115.4260.8%2.43433moderate
PENROSE0.4014$7.64$114.6260.9%2.42430moderate
SWARK0.3814$7.40$160.3659.7%2.41422moderate
MONTCO0.3749$7.35$152.9759.7%2.41410moderate
LINWDPE0.3702$7.55$111.6560.1%2.40439moderate
SCOTTPAP0.3626$7.45$112.9059.9%2.40428moderate
PRINTZ0.3625$7.44$112.7459.9%2.40427moderate

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

CONOWING (peak: $52.65/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.060.050.060.060.080.100.100.070.050.080.090.090.090.090.090.100.120.090.080.080.090.090.07
Feb0.030.030.030.040.040.050.110.160.090.030.030.020.020.020.030.030.020.040.060.070.070.050.030.02
Mar0.160.160.170.190.200.330.731.000.500.280.260.250.240.220.220.190.200.280.430.630.600.480.340.19
Apr0.130.110.090.100.120.210.350.340.210.170.150.180.180.200.240.240.300.350.500.670.630.450.330.19
May0.060.060.050.050.040.110.160.150.100.110.100.130.180.230.310.400.440.440.450.520.470.370.230.11
Jun0.140.140.120.110.110.120.140.100.110.160.200.310.410.500.590.630.640.690.680.850.810.570.380.20
Jul0.010.000.000.000.000.010.010.010.020.040.040.090.210.280.330.390.400.410.470.540.500.240.160.04
Aug0.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.010.020.030.050.100.140.150.200.220.230.190.220.350.290.160.080.03
Sep0.040.030.040.040.040.050.090.110.050.070.080.110.140.180.210.220.250.260.330.350.250.140.100.04
Oct0.050.040.030.030.060.120.230.370.190.100.080.110.130.160.170.200.230.330.460.490.310.190.120.06
Nov0.120.120.100.140.150.230.390.420.230.190.190.160.170.140.150.140.150.240.250.260.210.170.140.12
Dec0.040.050.040.050.060.080.130.200.120.080.060.060.050.050.050.050.070.070.070.070.070.060.050.04
DALESVIL (peak: $43.52/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.050.060.060.070.060.080.110.110.080.060.100.120.100.100.100.090.120.150.110.100.090.110.110.09
Feb0.030.030.040.040.050.060.130.180.100.030.030.020.020.020.030.020.020.040.070.080.070.050.030.03
Mar0.160.160.170.180.200.330.731.000.500.280.260.250.240.220.210.180.200.280.420.640.600.480.330.19
Apr0.140.120.090.100.130.220.380.360.230.180.160.190.200.230.270.270.330.390.540.730.690.490.360.20
May0.050.050.050.040.040.110.160.150.100.100.110.150.190.260.350.450.480.490.510.590.530.400.240.12
Jun0.140.140.120.110.110.120.140.110.120.180.210.330.440.530.630.670.670.730.730.900.780.570.390.21
Jul0.020.010.010.000.000.010.010.010.020.060.050.110.230.320.380.460.450.460.530.610.550.270.180.05
Aug0.020.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.040.050.100.150.160.210.230.230.210.240.370.320.180.090.04
Sep0.060.050.050.050.050.080.130.140.080.090.110.150.190.240.290.310.350.370.440.440.310.190.140.06
Oct0.080.060.040.040.080.150.290.450.240.130.110.140.160.210.220.250.290.430.620.620.390.240.160.08
Nov0.140.130.120.160.180.270.480.510.270.210.210.190.200.160.170.160.180.300.310.320.260.210.160.14
Dec0.050.050.050.060.070.100.170.220.140.100.070.060.060.060.050.050.080.080.090.080.070.060.050.04
MUDDYRN (peak: $35.59/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.050.070.070.070.080.100.140.140.090.070.120.160.140.150.150.140.150.170.130.110.100.120.120.09
Feb0.040.040.050.050.060.070.140.180.090.040.030.030.030.030.020.020.030.040.050.060.050.040.030.03
Mar0.090.090.100.110.120.190.420.580.260.140.130.120.120.110.100.090.100.140.230.360.350.280.190.11
Apr0.100.070.060.070.080.140.260.290.130.110.110.130.160.200.230.270.300.340.440.600.570.380.260.15
May0.050.040.030.030.030.070.110.100.070.070.080.130.170.250.350.490.520.540.540.610.520.320.190.09
Jun0.100.090.070.070.070.070.080.150.240.470.170.260.350.440.510.570.610.600.600.710.580.420.280.16
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.110.340.060.130.250.330.380.450.470.470.530.630.530.280.200.08
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.030.020.020.040.050.090.140.160.190.210.210.210.250.360.300.170.100.05
Sep0.130.110.090.090.100.160.260.280.180.170.200.260.340.430.500.530.580.700.900.850.570.390.280.16
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.270.470.700.370.190.170.220.250.300.310.360.400.641.000.920.550.390.290.18
Nov0.180.160.150.200.240.330.610.690.340.200.180.160.150.120.130.160.270.430.440.430.350.290.230.19
Dec0.080.080.080.090.120.150.260.370.200.120.090.080.080.080.070.080.120.140.140.140.130.110.080.06
UPPERDAR (peak: $33.39/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.050.060.060.070.060.080.140.130.090.070.130.150.120.120.120.110.150.160.120.110.110.130.120.10
Feb0.050.050.060.060.060.080.140.180.100.040.030.030.040.030.030.020.030.040.060.060.050.040.030.03
Mar0.100.110.110.120.130.210.460.640.300.170.150.150.140.120.120.100.120.160.270.400.390.310.220.12
Apr0.110.090.070.080.100.180.310.320.160.130.130.160.180.220.260.300.340.380.500.670.640.430.300.18
May0.050.040.030.030.030.080.120.110.070.080.090.130.180.260.370.510.540.550.560.630.540.340.200.10
Jun0.110.100.080.080.080.080.090.080.080.140.180.290.390.500.620.630.630.670.630.760.650.460.320.18
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.050.060.140.260.360.450.540.530.530.590.650.560.300.210.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.030.020.020.040.050.100.140.170.210.220.230.220.260.390.320.180.110.05
Sep0.130.110.100.090.100.160.270.290.190.170.200.270.350.430.510.540.590.700.900.840.580.410.290.17
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.470.690.360.190.170.230.260.310.330.370.430.661.000.930.560.390.290.18
Nov0.180.160.150.200.240.340.650.680.320.200.180.150.150.130.140.160.250.410.430.410.340.290.230.20
Dec0.110.110.120.140.160.230.420.580.340.180.120.110.130.110.110.110.150.190.210.200.200.170.120.10
PENROSE (peak: $33.34/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.050.060.060.070.060.080.140.130.090.070.130.150.120.120.120.110.150.160.130.110.110.130.120.10
Feb0.050.050.060.060.060.080.140.180.100.030.030.030.040.030.030.020.030.040.060.060.060.040.030.03
Mar0.100.110.110.120.130.220.460.650.300.170.160.150.140.130.120.110.120.170.270.410.390.310.220.13
Apr0.110.090.070.080.100.180.320.330.160.130.130.160.180.230.260.300.340.390.510.680.650.440.300.18
May0.050.040.030.030.030.080.120.110.070.080.090.130.190.260.370.510.540.550.560.630.540.340.200.10
Jun0.110.100.080.080.080.080.090.080.090.140.180.290.390.500.570.610.620.660.630.770.650.470.320.18
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.050.060.140.260.360.430.510.530.530.580.650.560.300.210.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.030.020.030.040.050.100.140.170.210.220.230.220.260.390.320.180.110.05
Sep0.130.110.100.090.100.160.270.290.190.170.200.270.350.430.510.540.590.700.900.840.580.410.290.17
Oct0.150.120.090.090.140.260.470.690.360.190.180.230.260.310.330.370.430.661.000.940.560.390.290.18
Nov0.180.160.150.200.240.340.650.680.330.200.180.150.150.130.140.160.250.410.430.420.340.290.230.20
Dec0.110.110.120.140.160.230.430.580.330.180.120.110.130.110.110.110.150.190.210.200.200.170.120.10
PENELECunconstrained0.45330.4327$6.56$119.5767.2%5,888
Unconstrained zones have adequate transmission and generation. Consistent resources provide long-term value through load reduction. DER investment priority is lower here relative to constrained zones.
PrimaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered)
Cost-effective load reduction with steady EAC generation
SecondaryvariableSolar PV
Clean energy addition with moderate grid benefit

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($21.09/MWh).

PENELEC (peak: $21.09/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$4.82$5.04$5.41$5.85$5.91$6.01$6.86$10.82$7.49$6.40$7.73$9.06$7.90$9.01$10.18$8.35$7.50$7.98$7.25$6.34$6.57$6.33$6.85$5.11
Feb$9.30$8.97$8.51$8.37$8.29$7.64$7.40$7.34$6.19$6.74$8.75$10.57$10.55$10.68$10.64$8.35$7.35$8.39$7.62$7.17$6.99$6.88$7.40$7.93
Mar$4.79$4.50$4.38$4.39$4.52$4.60$4.98$4.80$4.18$4.90$5.31$5.06$4.78$4.75$4.42$4.73$5.44$6.09$6.95$6.05$5.66$4.79$4.62$4.21
Apr$1.99$2.00$2.00$2.09$2.06$2.25$3.62$2.24$2.11$1.85$2.04$2.72$2.60$3.53$4.13$4.99$5.36$5.32$5.43$6.56$5.89$3.47$2.51$2.04
May$1.75$0.72$1.00$1.01$0.99$1.22$1.54$1.60$1.58$1.75$2.45$2.80$3.91$6.81$9.40$13.20$13.04$13.13$11.34$10.11$7.52$4.27$2.62$1.92
Jun$5.53$5.25$4.66$4.24$4.16$4.83$5.23$4.68$4.75$4.10$4.79$4.89$6.15$7.95$9.84$12.71$13.43$12.61$11.85$9.70$7.86$8.06$6.82$5.67
Jul$4.50$4.14$3.49$3.16$3.29$3.81$4.18$3.67$3.79$3.82$2.97$3.63$6.05$9.04$11.67$16.26$17.81$17.67$13.85$10.48$7.65$5.71$4.69$4.28
Aug$3.23$2.96$2.38$2.12$2.21$2.62$2.97$2.97$2.23$2.29$2.26$2.01$2.23$2.61$2.85$3.39$4.30$4.30$4.01$4.01$4.73$4.69$3.44$3.54
Sep$3.14$2.96$3.12$2.74$2.50$2.85$3.95$3.94$4.01$3.13$3.16$2.99$3.39$4.37$6.04$6.72$6.67$7.07$8.17$5.83$3.98$3.65$3.07$2.91
Oct$3.00$2.52$1.85$2.10$2.11$3.81$6.25$11.15$5.14$3.85$3.90$5.82$6.13$6.52$7.43$7.53$7.29$9.69$16.03$13.40$7.19$5.08$3.78$2.73
Nov$5.88$5.13$5.38$5.27$5.42$5.72$11.28$10.71$4.83$4.56$4.55$5.39$5.83$5.05$6.24$6.49$6.61$7.65$7.12$6.36$6.28$5.52$5.45$5.71
Dec$16.79$16.30$14.63$14.08$14.33$12.20$13.86$16.96$13.05$15.73$17.76$21.09$20.01$18.32$18.31$18.59$17.65$20.05$18.01$17.59$15.73$16.78$15.54$16.32
PEPCOtransmission0.50840.4749$8.12$238.8161.9%5,422
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($50.92/MWh).

PEPCO (peak: $50.92/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$7.42$8.11$8.41$9.10$9.58$11.34$17.32$25.68$12.17$7.14$5.81$6.35$6.80$6.77$6.70$7.87$7.20$12.52$11.63$11.17$12.01$10.65$9.10$7.22
Feb$1.88$2.06$2.17$2.41$2.55$3.76$6.23$7.23$3.80$1.70$1.60$1.60$1.78$1.75$1.77$1.86$2.18$2.63$2.70$2.02$2.20$2.23$1.94$1.51
Mar$4.40$4.39$4.44$4.92$5.53$8.20$16.87$20.95$10.87$7.96$7.41$7.46$7.07$6.68$6.28$5.68$5.54$6.47$8.44$11.72$10.44$8.42$6.21$4.47
Apr$5.33$4.80$4.37$4.69$5.11$7.10$10.10$9.33$5.19$4.85$4.60$5.06$4.99$5.18$5.48$6.01$6.72$7.33$8.55$11.57$11.85$9.35$8.14$6.33
May$0.89$0.80$0.71$0.73$0.83$1.41$2.38$2.11$1.86$2.34$3.17$4.87$6.23$8.64$9.79$12.59$15.31$18.11$15.55$14.70$11.77$6.05$3.44$1.37
Jun$1.90$1.63$1.25$1.12$1.11$1.32$1.49$1.55$1.89$3.21$4.38$6.17$7.28$12.18$13.97$17.65$21.14$23.40$17.42$14.95$11.75$8.79$5.93$3.62
Jul$1.08$0.55$0.41$0.34$0.39$0.43$0.54$0.70$0.67$1.40$4.54$14.99$23.42$32.27$41.59$47.62$50.33$50.92$36.68$31.04$19.51$9.97$7.53$2.68
Aug$0.64$0.52$0.41$0.40$0.41$0.49$0.56$0.64$0.64$1.09$1.19$2.04$2.18$2.78$2.93$4.12$6.73$8.43$5.92$5.93$4.36$3.20$1.99$0.87
Sep$4.12$3.40$2.80$2.68$3.27$5.52$8.29$8.30$4.89$4.02$4.42$5.70$7.04$8.62$11.61$12.25$13.41$15.86$21.42$18.78$13.22$10.81$8.30$5.21
Oct$5.44$4.41$3.68$3.79$5.79$9.74$15.05$22.22$10.19$4.23$3.07$5.39$5.05$5.64$5.84$5.73$6.34$11.61$21.97$21.25$12.48$10.50$9.76$6.06
Nov$7.78$6.81$6.81$8.13$10.65$15.00$33.39$31.52$10.05$5.77$5.56$4.90$4.59$3.77$4.18$4.68$7.88$14.96$16.24$15.77$13.98$12.42$9.54$8.63
Dec$7.15$7.40$7.32$7.97$9.88$12.17$19.31$27.07$11.50$6.32$4.54$4.12$4.15$4.35$4.09$5.27$9.03$11.03$11.52$11.63$12.07$11.33$8.50$6.55

Congestion Hotspots (14 pnodes)

Critical: 1 Elevated: 1 Moderate: 3 Low: 9
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
DICKERSH1.0000$11.26$457.8463.1%2.55690critical
BETHESDA0.5612$9.21$327.9262.5%2.17529elevated
METZTAP0.2744$8.02$273.9562.4%1.73462moderate
RITCHIE0.2712$8.01$414.3062.2%1.76460moderate
SOUTHWES0.2647$8.16$289.8162.0%1.82480moderate
HAWKINSM0.1145$7.53$182.2761.9%1.66413low
KELSONRI0.0998$7.49$182.0161.8%1.65410low
MORGANTO0.0779$7.42$181.7661.8%1.63395low
BRANDYWI0.0774$7.48$276.0761.6%1.67387low
SMECO0.0678$7.39$180.7261.7%1.63385low

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

DICKERSH (peak: $121.21/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.070.070.080.080.090.100.150.230.110.060.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.110.100.100.100.090.080.06
Feb0.010.010.010.020.020.030.040.050.030.020.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.01
Mar0.030.030.030.040.040.060.120.150.080.060.060.060.060.060.060.050.050.060.070.090.080.060.050.03
Apr0.050.040.030.040.040.060.080.070.040.040.040.060.070.120.150.170.180.180.190.190.140.080.060.05
May0.080.050.020.020.020.020.030.030.020.030.040.100.120.120.190.240.210.220.210.270.200.150.120.11
Jun0.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.040.060.090.110.180.200.240.240.270.200.140.110.080.060.03
Jul0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.010.090.310.480.690.870.990.991.000.700.520.240.100.050.02
Aug0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.010.020.020.030.030.040.050.080.140.190.110.060.030.030.010.01
Sep0.030.030.020.020.030.040.060.060.030.030.050.060.070.090.130.130.150.150.170.110.080.070.060.04
Oct0.030.030.020.030.040.060.100.140.060.030.040.060.070.080.080.090.090.080.130.120.080.070.060.04
Nov0.060.050.050.060.080.120.280.250.070.040.040.040.040.030.030.040.060.110.120.120.110.090.070.07
Dec0.070.070.070.080.100.120.210.270.120.060.040.040.040.040.040.050.100.120.120.120.130.120.080.07
BETHESDA (peak: $82.00/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.090.100.110.120.120.140.220.330.160.090.070.070.080.080.080.090.080.150.150.140.150.130.110.09
Feb0.030.030.030.030.040.050.070.090.050.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.040.030.030.030.030.020.02
Mar0.050.050.050.060.060.100.190.240.130.090.090.090.090.080.080.070.070.080.100.140.120.100.070.05
Apr0.060.060.050.050.060.080.110.100.060.060.060.070.070.080.100.110.120.120.120.140.140.100.090.07
May0.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.030.020.030.050.070.090.140.160.200.240.290.250.210.160.080.040.02
Jun0.020.020.020.010.010.020.020.020.030.040.070.100.120.190.200.240.260.290.210.170.150.110.080.05
Jul0.010.010.000.000.000.010.010.010.010.020.090.310.480.670.850.970.991.000.710.560.300.140.090.03
Aug0.010.010.000.000.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.030.030.040.050.070.140.180.110.080.050.040.020.01
Sep0.050.040.030.030.040.060.100.100.060.050.060.070.090.120.160.170.180.210.270.210.150.120.100.06
Oct0.060.050.040.040.070.110.170.260.120.060.050.090.080.090.090.090.100.160.250.240.140.120.110.07
Nov0.090.080.080.090.120.170.400.370.110.070.060.060.050.040.050.060.090.160.180.180.160.140.110.10
Dec0.090.090.100.100.130.160.250.350.150.090.070.060.060.060.060.070.120.160.160.160.160.150.110.09
METZTAP (peak: $45.18/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.160.170.180.190.210.250.370.560.260.140.120.140.150.140.150.170.150.270.220.200.210.210.190.16
Feb0.040.040.040.050.050.090.150.180.100.040.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.050.070.040.040.050.040.03
Mar0.100.100.100.120.130.190.400.500.250.180.170.170.160.150.140.120.120.150.200.280.250.200.150.11
Apr0.130.110.100.110.120.170.240.220.120.110.110.120.120.120.130.140.160.170.210.260.270.220.190.15
May0.030.020.020.020.020.030.060.050.040.050.060.090.120.160.170.260.260.310.260.260.230.120.070.04
Jun0.050.040.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.070.100.130.150.260.300.380.460.520.400.350.270.200.140.09
Jul0.030.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.080.270.430.580.770.900.991.000.680.560.400.250.190.08
Aug0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.040.060.060.070.090.120.150.120.140.100.080.050.02
Sep0.100.080.070.060.080.130.200.200.120.100.100.130.160.200.260.280.310.360.500.450.320.260.200.12
Oct0.130.100.090.090.140.230.360.530.240.090.070.110.110.130.130.130.140.260.520.510.300.250.230.14
Nov0.180.160.160.190.250.350.770.740.240.140.130.120.110.090.100.110.190.360.390.380.330.290.220.20
Dec0.160.160.160.170.220.270.430.600.250.140.100.090.090.090.090.110.190.240.250.250.260.250.190.14
RITCHIE (peak: $44.91/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.160.180.180.200.210.250.400.560.270.160.150.170.160.170.160.210.170.290.280.280.300.240.200.19
Feb0.040.040.040.050.050.090.140.170.100.040.030.040.040.040.040.040.060.070.090.050.050.050.040.03
Mar0.100.100.100.110.130.190.380.480.250.180.170.170.160.150.140.120.120.140.190.270.240.190.140.10
Apr0.120.110.100.110.120.160.230.220.120.110.100.110.110.110.120.120.140.160.210.290.290.220.190.15
May0.020.020.020.020.020.030.050.050.040.050.060.100.130.170.190.250.300.360.310.310.260.130.080.03
Jun0.040.040.030.020.020.030.030.030.040.070.090.120.150.300.350.440.540.600.440.380.260.190.120.08
Jul0.030.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.030.070.230.350.480.690.870.991.000.660.570.460.280.250.08
Aug0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.040.050.060.070.090.100.120.100.130.100.070.050.02
Sep0.090.080.060.060.070.130.190.190.110.090.100.120.160.180.240.250.280.340.480.440.310.250.190.12
Oct0.130.100.090.090.140.230.360.520.230.090.060.100.100.120.120.120.140.270.530.510.300.250.230.15
Nov0.180.160.160.190.250.340.760.720.240.140.130.110.110.090.100.110.190.360.380.370.330.290.220.20
Dec0.150.160.160.170.210.260.420.590.250.130.090.090.090.090.090.110.190.230.250.250.260.240.180.14
SOUTHWES (peak: $44.44/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.170.180.190.210.210.250.420.570.280.170.150.170.190.170.190.210.170.280.290.300.330.260.210.21
Feb0.040.050.050.050.060.090.140.170.110.050.040.040.040.040.040.050.060.080.110.050.080.050.040.03
Mar0.100.100.100.110.120.180.380.470.240.180.170.170.160.150.140.130.120.140.190.260.230.190.140.10
Apr0.120.110.100.110.120.160.230.210.110.110.100.110.110.110.110.120.140.160.200.280.280.210.180.14
May0.020.020.020.020.020.030.050.050.040.050.070.110.140.200.220.310.380.420.370.350.270.140.080.03
Jun0.040.040.030.020.020.030.030.030.040.070.090.130.150.270.320.410.490.540.410.350.260.190.130.08
Jul0.030.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.030.090.310.480.640.820.940.991.000.770.710.550.340.300.10
Aug0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.030.040.050.060.060.090.140.170.120.130.100.070.050.02
Sep0.090.080.060.060.070.130.190.190.110.090.100.130.160.190.260.270.300.360.480.430.300.250.190.12
Oct0.120.100.080.090.130.220.340.500.230.090.070.110.110.130.130.130.140.240.490.480.280.240.220.14
Nov0.180.160.150.180.240.340.750.710.230.130.120.110.100.090.090.100.180.340.370.360.320.280.220.19
Dec0.160.170.160.180.220.270.430.600.260.140.100.090.090.100.090.120.200.240.260.260.270.250.190.15
PPLtransmission0.53600.4519$7.51$100.7868.2%5,978
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($35.87/MWh).

PPL (peak: $35.87/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$1.36$1.66$1.71$2.03$1.64$2.68$4.89$6.08$3.99$2.64$3.72$4.00$3.87$3.47$3.45$3.62$4.72$5.31$4.86$4.80$4.27$3.90$3.88$2.75
Feb$2.51$2.61$2.81$2.64$2.88$3.46$5.58$6.66$4.32$3.16$2.83$2.88$2.55$2.29$1.92$2.32$2.82$3.78$3.95$4.07$3.72$2.96$2.31$1.97
Mar$2.51$2.31$2.43$2.81$3.18$4.63$8.56$11.18$5.07$3.06$2.72$2.64$2.42$2.25$2.04$2.08$2.28$3.33$5.73$7.85$7.64$6.15$4.37$2.99
Apr$3.32$2.57$2.22$2.36$2.54$3.99$7.55$8.67$3.59$3.03$3.11$3.69$4.74$6.18$7.00$8.45$9.60$10.50$13.04$17.48$17.08$11.12$7.74$4.68
May$1.66$1.02$0.87$0.88$0.89$1.71$2.75$2.45$1.82$1.89$2.43$3.68$5.06$6.98$10.35$15.10$15.35$15.42$15.40$16.48$13.79$8.16$5.05$2.67
Jun$4.12$3.58$2.84$2.51$2.52$2.69$3.03$2.93$3.10$4.34$5.72$8.45$10.75$13.34$14.97$17.44$18.73$18.49$19.22$21.45$17.52$13.15$9.51$6.36
Jul$3.23$2.36$1.85$1.52$1.60$1.77$2.07$2.03$2.04$2.50$3.02$5.67$8.55$10.45$11.72$13.87$15.43$15.48$16.33$19.93$19.01$12.01$9.06$5.15
Aug$2.50$2.16$1.83$1.61$1.60$1.82$2.14$2.06$1.74$2.26$2.49$3.47$4.63$5.39$6.45$7.17$7.18$7.51$9.81$14.16$12.15$7.93$5.62$3.52
Sep$6.76$5.99$5.14$4.76$5.38$7.77$10.61$11.59$8.25$6.95$7.20$9.13$11.64$13.41$16.45$16.73$17.36$20.88$27.34$27.24$19.64$16.67$13.26$8.68
Oct$7.58$5.94$4.55$4.36$6.51$11.37$18.22$26.34$13.83$7.89$7.32$9.30$10.55$11.36$11.59$12.55$14.35$22.11$35.87$33.39$20.70$15.96$12.98$8.74
Nov$7.26$6.16$6.22$7.64$9.63$12.24$22.19$22.48$10.71$5.44$5.24$4.59$4.19$3.74$4.09$4.89$9.81$14.69$15.56$14.67$13.61$11.80$9.85$8.28
Dec$5.43$5.27$5.60$6.00$7.15$8.86$12.48$16.43$9.31$6.21$5.85$4.89$4.48$4.65$4.48$5.30$7.55$9.35$10.35$10.48$10.41$8.93$7.19$5.68

Congestion Hotspots (41 pnodes)

Critical: 0 Elevated: 9 Moderate: 28 Low: 4
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
LACKAENG0.6666$12.79$129.5486.0%1.68792elevated
ELDRED0.6625$9.55$446.0074.8%2.55402elevated
LACKAWAN0.6214$12.20$124.7285.3%1.72701elevated
PORTCRBN0.5812$9.30$328.8574.7%2.46385elevated
MAHONYCI0.5658$9.10$328.8574.7%2.42385elevated
FRACKVIL0.5658$9.10$328.8574.7%2.42385elevated
ARCHBTAP0.5252$10.79$124.7284.0%1.81523elevated
HUNLOCK0.5167$10.28$119.6283.3%1.93515elevated
BEAR CRK0.5019$10.37$119.1782.5%1.85519elevated
SAFEHARB0.4798$10.51$211.3563.0%1.54813moderate

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

LACKAENG (peak: $35.80/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.120.120.120.140.120.170.260.370.260.160.250.250.200.200.200.220.280.380.390.350.320.290.260.19
Feb0.310.310.310.300.310.340.420.460.400.370.340.340.310.290.270.320.360.440.440.430.420.360.300.28
Mar0.160.150.150.160.170.220.380.480.320.220.200.180.170.170.160.160.200.270.370.410.400.310.250.19
Apr0.080.060.050.060.070.100.210.220.090.080.080.100.130.170.190.230.260.280.340.460.440.280.190.11
May0.070.040.040.040.040.060.100.100.080.090.110.150.180.230.330.470.490.500.500.520.450.280.180.10
Jun0.320.280.240.210.210.240.260.240.250.270.310.390.480.580.630.680.750.800.760.850.750.640.490.39
Jul0.310.260.210.190.200.220.250.240.240.240.240.330.420.500.580.620.710.780.811.000.970.700.560.41
Aug0.240.220.180.150.150.180.200.200.160.180.200.230.280.340.380.400.420.480.580.720.710.530.390.30
Sep0.280.280.270.250.250.300.410.460.380.310.330.350.420.500.570.590.650.810.970.950.720.580.450.33
Oct0.300.260.200.200.240.370.570.720.450.320.300.360.390.410.430.460.550.730.960.900.600.470.390.30
Nov0.220.210.200.230.280.360.640.660.350.240.240.200.210.190.210.270.420.530.550.500.470.390.310.28
Dec0.440.430.430.430.490.540.720.840.640.550.500.430.410.410.410.470.610.760.740.760.680.590.520.48
ELDRED (peak: $62.87/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.030.030.030.030.040.060.110.170.100.080.100.100.060.050.050.070.090.140.320.280.320.100.090.05
Feb0.050.050.060.050.060.070.110.130.090.070.070.070.060.050.050.050.060.090.090.090.080.070.050.04
Mar0.040.040.040.050.050.080.150.200.100.060.060.060.050.050.040.040.050.070.100.140.130.110.080.05
Apr0.050.030.030.030.040.060.110.120.050.040.050.060.070.090.110.130.150.160.200.260.250.160.110.06
May0.030.020.020.020.020.030.050.040.030.040.040.070.090.120.180.260.270.270.270.290.240.150.090.05
Jun0.080.070.060.050.050.060.070.060.060.080.110.150.190.260.300.310.360.370.350.380.310.240.170.12
Jul0.070.050.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.060.110.350.610.791.001.000.920.940.810.730.400.230.170.10
Aug0.050.050.040.030.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.090.120.170.200.210.240.230.250.260.220.150.110.07
Sep0.100.090.080.070.080.110.170.190.140.120.130.160.200.250.300.310.340.410.500.470.330.250.190.12
Oct0.100.080.060.060.080.150.250.360.200.110.110.140.160.180.180.200.230.360.540.490.300.220.170.11
Nov0.090.080.080.100.120.170.330.340.150.080.080.070.070.060.060.080.140.220.230.220.190.160.130.11
Dec0.100.100.100.110.130.160.240.300.180.130.120.100.090.100.090.110.160.190.200.190.180.160.130.10
LACKAWAN (peak: $34.81/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.120.120.120.130.120.160.260.360.260.160.250.250.190.190.190.210.270.370.380.340.310.290.250.19
Feb0.300.300.300.290.300.330.420.460.390.350.330.330.300.280.260.310.350.430.430.420.410.350.290.27
Mar0.160.150.150.160.170.220.380.480.310.220.190.180.170.160.150.160.190.260.360.410.400.310.240.19
Apr0.080.060.050.060.070.100.220.230.090.080.090.110.130.170.200.240.270.290.360.480.450.290.200.11
May0.070.040.040.040.040.060.100.100.080.090.110.150.180.230.340.480.500.510.510.530.460.290.180.10
Jun0.300.270.230.200.200.230.250.230.240.260.300.390.480.580.630.670.750.800.760.850.750.630.480.38
Jul0.300.250.210.180.190.210.250.230.230.240.240.320.420.500.590.630.720.780.821.000.970.690.550.40
Aug0.240.210.170.150.150.170.200.190.150.180.190.220.270.340.380.400.410.470.570.720.700.520.380.29
Sep0.280.270.270.240.240.300.410.450.370.310.330.350.420.500.580.610.660.830.990.960.730.580.450.32
Oct0.230.190.160.150.190.330.480.680.410.260.230.290.330.360.370.410.480.700.970.900.590.440.340.24
Nov0.220.200.200.230.280.360.650.680.350.240.230.200.210.190.210.260.410.530.550.500.460.390.310.27
Dec0.430.420.430.430.480.540.710.840.640.540.490.420.410.400.400.460.600.750.730.740.670.580.510.47
PORTCRBN (peak: $48.14/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.030.040.040.050.080.140.210.130.120.120.130.080.070.060.080.110.170.350.310.330.120.120.06
Feb0.070.070.070.070.070.090.140.160.120.090.080.080.070.070.060.070.080.110.110.120.110.090.070.06
Mar0.050.050.050.060.070.100.200.260.130.080.080.070.070.060.060.050.060.090.140.180.180.140.100.07
Apr0.060.050.040.040.050.070.140.160.070.060.060.070.090.120.140.170.200.210.260.350.330.210.140.09
May0.040.020.020.020.020.040.060.060.040.050.060.090.120.160.240.340.350.350.350.380.320.190.120.06
Jun0.110.100.080.070.070.080.090.080.080.110.140.200.250.360.410.400.460.470.460.490.410.310.220.15
Jul0.090.070.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.080.130.380.650.821.000.970.890.910.790.790.480.290.220.14
Aug0.070.060.050.040.040.050.060.060.050.060.070.110.150.210.270.270.290.290.310.330.280.200.140.09
Sep0.130.120.100.100.100.150.220.240.180.160.170.210.270.330.390.410.440.530.650.610.440.330.250.16
Oct0.130.100.080.080.110.200.330.470.260.150.140.180.200.230.240.270.300.470.710.650.400.290.220.14
Nov0.120.110.100.130.160.220.430.450.200.110.110.090.090.080.090.100.190.290.300.280.260.210.170.14
Dec0.180.180.190.200.240.310.470.590.380.260.230.180.170.170.160.200.300.330.360.360.340.300.230.18
MAHONYCI (peak: $48.14/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.040.030.040.040.050.080.140.210.130.120.120.130.080.070.060.080.110.170.350.310.330.120.120.06
Feb0.070.070.070.070.070.090.140.160.120.090.080.080.070.070.060.070.080.110.110.120.110.090.070.06
Mar0.050.050.050.060.070.100.200.260.130.080.080.070.070.060.060.050.060.090.140.180.180.140.100.07
Apr0.060.050.040.040.050.070.140.160.070.060.060.070.090.120.140.170.200.210.260.350.330.210.140.09
May0.040.020.020.020.020.040.060.060.040.050.060.090.120.160.240.340.350.350.350.380.320.190.120.06
Jun0.110.100.080.070.070.080.090.080.080.110.140.200.250.360.410.400.460.470.460.490.410.310.220.15
Jul0.090.070.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.080.130.380.650.821.000.970.890.910.790.790.480.290.220.14
Aug0.070.060.050.040.040.050.060.060.050.060.070.110.150.210.270.270.290.290.310.330.280.200.140.09
Sep0.130.120.100.100.100.150.220.240.180.160.170.210.270.330.390.410.440.530.650.610.440.330.250.16
Oct0.130.100.080.080.110.200.330.470.260.150.140.180.200.230.240.270.300.470.710.650.400.290.220.14
Nov0.120.110.100.130.160.220.430.450.200.110.110.090.090.080.090.100.190.290.300.280.260.210.170.14
Dec0.130.120.130.140.160.200.300.390.250.170.150.130.120.120.120.140.200.230.250.250.230.200.160.13
PSEGtransmission0.53570.4603$6.85$121.2760.7%5,320
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($33.18/MWh).

PSEG (peak: $33.18/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$1.48$1.81$1.77$1.92$1.20$1.82$4.54$5.72$2.81$2.66$4.69$4.76$4.22$4.00$3.17$3.72$5.36$5.68$4.94$4.00$3.96$4.24$3.83$2.99
Feb$2.38$2.18$2.33$2.37$2.45$2.81$4.76$5.57$2.88$2.10$2.37$2.45$2.29$1.97$2.14$1.97$2.34$3.43$3.08$2.79$2.27$1.68$1.56$1.64
Mar$2.54$2.53$2.61$2.83$3.15$5.13$11.11$15.02$6.69$3.66$3.43$3.40$2.97$2.63$2.56$2.19$2.48$3.31$5.60$8.98$8.75$6.86$4.77$2.94
Apr$3.22$2.38$2.02$2.17$2.55$4.28$7.94$8.61$3.80$3.29$3.39$4.17$5.10$6.46$7.53$8.79$10.03$10.94$13.79$18.63$17.67$11.60$7.93$4.71
May$1.52$1.15$0.90$0.89$0.93$1.99$3.24$2.91$1.92$2.05$2.62$4.08$5.65$7.89$11.59$16.50$17.03$17.33$17.30$18.95$15.95$9.66$5.70$2.81
Jun$2.85$2.54$1.94$1.77$1.75$1.92$2.14$1.85$1.87$2.87$4.90$8.03$11.06$14.31$16.60$18.82$20.03$19.14$18.99$21.94$17.85$12.71$8.56$4.91
Jul$1.18$0.53$0.39$0.30$0.32$0.36$0.42$0.39$0.56$1.25$1.94$4.50$8.17$10.57$11.93$13.50$15.14$14.80$16.26$19.03$16.42$8.88$6.32$2.79
Aug$0.85$0.64$0.57$0.52$0.52$0.56$0.76$0.75$0.81$1.36$1.63$2.89$4.20$4.87$6.01$6.34$6.51$6.62$8.20$11.73$9.26$5.31$3.37$1.54
Sep$4.41$3.67$3.01$2.87$3.35$5.46$8.98$9.62$6.17$5.53$6.63$8.84$11.55$14.49$17.04$18.04$19.31$23.16$29.59$27.60$18.78$13.52$9.68$5.84
Oct$5.44$4.16$3.08$2.94$4.71$8.69$15.39$22.57$11.82$6.35$6.09$7.97$9.13$10.75$11.07$12.39$13.97$21.65$33.18$30.45$18.07$12.91$9.79$6.22
Nov$5.67$4.78$4.69$6.03$7.43$10.24$19.89$20.97$9.44$5.14$4.84$4.49$4.32$3.66$4.04$4.39$7.48$12.26$13.09$12.52$10.64$8.96$7.11$5.93
Dec$4.62$3.56$3.40$3.46$4.12$4.48$7.30$9.79$5.61$6.37$7.05$7.58$7.85$7.51$7.28$6.94$6.64$6.49$5.94$4.91$5.72$5.44$3.80$4.39

Congestion Hotspots (83 pnodes)

Critical: 0 Elevated: 16 Moderate: 67 Low: 0
Pnode Severity Avg $/MWh Max $/MWh Constrained % Pk/OffPk Extreme Hrs Tier
SADDLEBR0.6571$7.40$119.5763.1%2.54461elevated
MAYWOOD0.6409$7.34$119.4563.1%2.54456elevated
HCS0.6280$7.32$119.6064.2%2.48452elevated
CLAYSTR0.6211$8.26$120.4366.2%2.57288elevated
LEONIA0.6177$7.30$119.5563.1%2.54455elevated
NEWMILFR0.6175$7.27$119.2863.1%2.55444elevated
ATHENIA0.6047$7.24$119.2963.0%2.55441elevated
ERUTHERF0.5959$7.22$119.3562.9%2.55441elevated
BELLEVIL0.5932$7.27$119.9262.6%2.53457elevated
BERGEN0.5892$7.28$119.5963.1%2.51452elevated

Constraint Load Shapes (Monthly x Hourly)

Hover cells for coefficient and approx. $/MWh. Red intensity = constraint severity relative to pnode peak.

SADDLEBR (peak: $32.71/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.060.070.070.070.040.060.140.190.100.100.170.160.140.140.100.130.200.230.200.160.160.160.130.10
Feb0.120.100.090.090.090.100.170.190.130.160.170.160.140.120.130.130.190.330.280.250.190.100.070.06
Mar0.080.070.070.080.090.140.310.410.180.100.100.100.080.070.070.060.080.100.140.230.230.180.130.08
Apr0.090.070.060.060.070.120.230.250.110.090.100.120.150.190.220.260.300.320.400.540.510.330.230.13
May0.040.030.030.030.030.060.090.080.050.060.080.120.170.240.350.500.510.520.520.560.470.280.160.08
Jun0.090.080.060.060.050.060.060.060.060.090.140.240.330.420.490.560.600.570.570.640.520.370.250.14
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.250.310.350.390.440.420.470.560.480.260.190.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.040.050.090.120.140.180.190.190.200.240.350.270.160.100.05
Sep0.130.100.080.080.090.160.270.290.180.160.190.260.350.440.510.540.580.690.880.820.560.400.290.18
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.460.680.350.190.180.240.280.330.330.370.420.651.000.910.540.390.300.19
Nov0.170.150.140.180.220.300.590.620.280.150.140.140.130.120.120.130.220.360.390.370.310.260.210.17
Dec0.290.200.160.150.170.190.240.270.360.460.550.550.550.570.550.530.540.490.420.350.370.320.210.25
MAYWOOD (peak: $32.67/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.060.070.070.070.040.060.140.190.100.100.170.160.140.140.100.130.200.240.220.180.170.160.130.10
Feb0.120.100.090.090.090.100.160.190.120.160.170.160.140.120.130.130.190.320.270.240.180.100.070.06
Mar0.080.070.070.080.090.140.310.410.180.100.100.100.080.070.070.060.080.100.140.230.230.180.130.08
Apr0.090.070.060.060.070.120.230.250.110.090.100.120.150.190.220.260.300.320.400.540.510.330.230.13
May0.040.030.030.030.030.060.090.080.050.060.080.120.170.240.350.500.510.520.520.560.470.280.160.08
Jun0.090.080.060.060.050.060.060.060.060.100.140.240.330.420.490.560.600.570.570.640.520.370.250.14
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.250.310.350.390.440.420.470.550.480.260.190.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.040.050.090.120.140.180.190.190.200.240.350.270.160.100.05
Sep0.120.100.080.070.090.160.260.280.180.160.190.260.340.430.500.530.570.680.870.800.540.390.280.17
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.460.670.350.190.180.240.280.330.330.370.420.651.000.910.540.390.290.19
Nov0.170.150.140.170.220.300.590.620.270.150.140.140.140.160.120.130.220.360.390.370.310.260.210.17
Dec0.280.200.160.150.170.190.230.270.350.450.540.540.540.550.530.520.530.480.410.340.360.320.210.25
HCS (peak: $32.67/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.060.070.060.070.040.060.140.190.100.100.170.160.140.130.100.130.190.220.190.160.160.160.130.10
Feb0.120.100.100.100.100.110.170.190.130.160.180.160.150.130.140.170.210.320.270.230.190.110.070.06
Mar0.080.080.080.090.090.140.310.410.180.110.110.120.100.090.080.080.100.120.170.230.230.180.130.09
Apr0.090.070.060.060.070.120.230.250.110.090.100.120.150.190.220.260.300.320.400.540.510.330.230.14
May0.040.030.030.030.030.060.090.080.050.060.080.120.170.240.350.500.510.510.520.560.470.280.160.08
Jun0.100.090.060.060.060.060.070.080.070.110.150.230.320.410.480.550.590.550.570.610.490.330.240.14
Jul0.070.040.030.020.020.030.040.050.050.080.110.140.230.300.330.420.450.420.440.540.430.220.130.07
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.040.060.100.130.150.190.200.200.230.270.310.230.130.080.05
Sep0.130.100.080.070.090.160.260.280.180.150.180.240.330.410.490.510.540.650.850.780.510.370.260.15
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.460.680.350.190.180.240.270.320.330.360.420.651.000.910.540.390.290.19
Nov0.170.150.140.180.220.300.590.620.270.150.140.140.140.120.130.140.230.360.390.370.310.260.210.17
Dec0.270.190.160.150.170.170.230.270.330.440.510.520.520.530.520.500.520.490.410.340.360.320.280.25
CLAYSTR (peak: $32.93/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Feb0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Mar0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Apr0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
May0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Jun0.090.070.050.050.050.050.060.050.060.100.170.280.390.520.590.670.720.660.650.740.590.410.260.15
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.250.310.350.390.440.420.470.560.490.270.190.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.040.050.090.120.140.180.190.190.200.240.350.270.160.100.05
Sep0.140.110.090.090.100.170.270.300.190.170.200.270.350.440.520.550.580.700.890.830.570.410.300.18
Oct0.170.130.090.090.140.260.470.680.360.190.180.240.280.330.340.380.420.651.000.920.540.390.300.19
Nov0.170.150.140.180.220.310.600.630.280.150.140.130.130.110.120.130.230.370.390.370.320.270.210.18
Dec0.170.120.110.110.130.140.210.280.190.250.270.290.300.290.280.270.270.250.220.190.210.200.140.16
LEONIA (peak: $32.71/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan0.060.070.060.070.040.060.140.190.100.100.170.160.140.140.100.130.200.230.200.160.160.160.130.10
Feb0.120.100.090.090.090.100.160.180.120.150.160.150.130.120.120.130.180.300.260.230.180.100.070.06
Mar0.070.070.070.080.090.140.310.410.180.100.100.100.080.070.070.060.080.090.130.220.230.180.120.08
Apr0.090.070.060.060.070.120.230.250.110.090.100.120.150.190.220.260.300.320.400.540.510.330.230.13
May0.040.030.030.030.030.060.090.080.050.060.080.120.170.240.350.500.510.520.520.560.470.280.160.08
Jun0.080.080.060.060.050.060.060.060.060.090.140.240.330.420.490.560.600.570.570.640.520.370.250.14
Jul0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.040.060.140.250.310.350.390.440.420.470.560.480.270.190.09
Aug0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.040.050.090.120.140.180.190.190.200.240.350.270.160.100.05
Sep0.130.100.080.080.090.160.270.290.180.160.190.260.350.440.510.540.580.690.880.820.560.400.280.17
Oct0.160.120.090.090.140.260.460.680.350.190.180.240.280.330.330.370.420.651.000.910.540.390.300.19
Nov0.170.150.140.170.220.300.590.620.270.140.140.140.130.120.120.130.220.360.390.370.310.260.210.17
Dec0.270.190.150.150.160.170.230.270.330.430.510.510.510.520.500.490.500.460.390.330.340.300.200.24
RECOtransmission0.54710.4438$7.44$112.2274.4%6,518
Transmission-constrained zones have flow limits on power lines. Dispatchable resources reduce peak flows by providing local supply or reducing demand during congestion events. Consistent resources lower baseline load, reducing the magnitude of peak flows.
PrimarydispatchableBattery Storage, Demand Response
Dispatches during congestion events to reduce line loading
SecondaryconsistentEnergy Efficiency (Metered), Weatherization
Reduces baseline load, lowering chronic transmission stress
TertiaryvariableSolar PV
Adds local generation (value depends on coincidence with peak congestion)

Zone Congestion Heatmap (Monthly x Hourly)

Mean |congestion| $/MWh by month and hour. Red intensity scales to zone peak ($30.41/MWh).

RECO (peak: $30.41/MWh)
01234567891011121314151617181920212223
Jan$3.20$3.38$3.02$3.55$2.60$2.80$4.93$6.67$4.64$5.04$8.03$7.96$6.98$6.27$5.46$6.36$8.36$9.13$7.76$7.17$7.23$7.51$6.81$5.24
Feb$8.12$7.81$7.62$7.54$7.62$7.39$8.42$8.86$7.62$9.16$8.99$9.36$9.07$8.95$9.08$8.79$9.72$12.30$11.05$10.35$9.26$7.99$7.44$7.25
Mar$3.74$3.36$3.12$3.13$3.36$4.78$8.55$11.81$5.36$3.77$4.00$4.04$3.65$3.47$3.34$3.34$3.96$4.17$5.60$6.87$6.42$5.64$4.44$3.43
Apr$2.78$2.11$1.90$2.02$2.34$3.49$6.33$7.19$3.14$2.76$2.94$3.71$4.63$5.95$6.91$8.11$9.22$9.82$12.03$16.18$15.12$9.73$6.57$3.92
May$1.44$0.96$0.81$0.79$0.82$1.48$2.50$2.08$1.33$1.68$2.35$3.54$5.18$7.45$11.07$15.67$16.18$16.41$15.56$16.84$13.66$8.12$4.79$2.36
Jun$4.03$3.90$3.50$2.96$2.97$3.39$3.61$3.85$3.68$3.32$3.56$5.38$7.78$10.48$12.91$16.04$17.06$14.60$15.37$15.50$11.90$9.27$7.19$4.67
Jul$4.91$4.77$4.09$3.68$3.86$4.35$4.94$4.54$4.39$4.26$3.74$4.66$6.40$7.49$9.21$10.46$11.04$9.53$10.62$10.60$8.16$6.24$4.79$4.79
Aug$3.95$3.51$2.76$2.48$2.45$2.93$3.15$3.14$2.40$2.44$2.74$3.05$3.39$4.15$4.89$5.64$6.82$6.73$6.71$6.42$6.20$4.88$3.71$3.86
Sep$3.99$3.23$2.69$2.33$2.75$4.40$7.01$6.90$4.12$3.69$4.39$6.50$8.92$11.70$14.16$14.87$15.66$18.08$23.56$20.77$12.84$8.65$6.24$4.10
Oct$4.46$3.48$2.47$2.41$3.54$7.12$13.58$20.12$9.66$5.11$5.42$7.53$8.54$9.86$10.46$11.28$11.82$19.05$30.41$27.29$15.25$10.70$8.00$4.95
Nov$5.59$4.81$4.55$5.61$6.47$8.33$17.07$17.82$7.77$4.80$4.65$4.94$5.14$4.68$4.88$5.39$7.84$9.89$10.47$9.72$8.94$7.37$5.89$5.55
Dec$11.86$10.12$9.09$8.84$8.95$8.63$9.25$10.92$9.97$12.91$15.09$14.96$14.62$14.41$14.71$14.42$16.52$16.77$14.73$14.85$13.87$13.24$11.22$11.88

Data Center Overlay

1,124
PJM Interconnection Data Centers
48,884 MW
Estimated Total Capacity
760
Operational
364
Proposed
Zone Classification Total DCs Operational Proposed Construction Est. MW Top County
UNKNOWNunconstrained1124760364048,884Loudoun

Visualizations

Transmission vs Generation Scores

Score Comparison

Congestion Heatmap

Congestion Heatmap

Monthly Congestion Trends

Monthly Trends

Scoring Methodology

Transmission Score

Weighted composite of congestion-based metrics:

Congestion Ratio|congestion| / |LMP|30%
Congestion VolatilityStd dev of congestion prices25%
Congested Hours %Hours with |congestion| > $2/MWh25%
Peak/Off-Peak RatioPeak vs off-peak congestion20%

Generation Score

Weighted composite of energy-price metrics:

Energy DeviationZone vs system energy price35%
Energy VolatilityEnergy price std/mean30%
Loss ComponentMarginal loss ratio20%
High Energy Hours %Hours > avg + $3/MWh15%

Classification Rules

both T-score ≥ 0.5 AND G-score ≥ 0.5
transmission T-score ≥ 0.5 AND G-score < 0.5
generation T-score < 0.5 AND G-score ≥ 0.5
unconstrained T-score < 0.5 AND G-score < 0.5